Mitsuru Hoshi

Short-Term Treatment of Alloxan-Diabetic Rats with Intrajejunal Administration of Water-in-Oil-in-Water Insulin Emulsions

Alloxan-diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 300 mg./100 ml. were treated with intrajejunal administration of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) insulin emulsions via an indwelling catheter at a dose of either 25 or 50 U./100 gm. body weight, three times daily for five to fourteen days. The course of diabetes was followed by determinations of glucose levels in blood and urine. During treatment a significant reduction in urinary glucose levels was observed in all rats studied. In two rats treated with 25 U./100 gm., fasting blood glucose levels did not change significantly. In four of five rats treated with 50 U./100 gm., W/O/W insulin emulsions significantly lessened hyperglycemia during treatment. Quantitative estimates suggested that the effectiveness of 50 U./100 gm. of intrajejunal W/O/W insulin emulsions was comparable to that after intramuscular regular insulin at doses between 1 and 2 U./100 gm. These results would indicate that diabetes can be controlled by enteral administration of insulin preparations.

SEMIAUTOMATIC LEAKAGE ANALYZING SYSTEM FOR TIME SERIES FLUORESCEIN OCULAR FUNDUS ANGIOGRAPHY

Abstract An algorithm for measuring an index of leakage in fluorescein fundus angiography is presented. The number of pixels whose gray level exceeds an automatically determined slice level is calculated. An automatic blood vessel elimination technique is introduced. Further, a method of measuring the short term change of leakage from a time series of the fluorescein fundus angiographs is described. Our system can also deal with the time series images obtained on different occasions (long term change). The features of this paper are: (1) this paper deals with double time sequence images (short and long term); (2) an automatic blood vessel recognition algorithm is employed.

Radioselenium pancreozymin-secretin test as a clinical test for pancreatic exocrine function

The appearance of radioselenium in the protein fraction of duodenal aspirates has been studied after an intravenous injection of75Se-selenomethionine. The continuous flow of pancreatic juice was stimulated by pancreozymin at 120 minutes and by secretin at 140 minutes. A good distinction between normal subjects and patients with pancreatic disease was obtained by measuring75Se-radioactivity in the protein fraction of duodenal aspirates; either cumulative radioactivity during the combined 80-minute post-pancreozymin-secretin period, or maximum75Se-specific activity during the postsecretin period was used as an index. The test presented here might be a useful and sufficiently reliable method for detecting abnormal pancreatic exocrine function. This test can be performed along with the conventional pancreozymin-secretin test, serum enzyme response to pancreozymin and secretin, and pancreatic scintiscanning.

Release and Production of Insulin by Isolated, Perifused Rat Pancreatic Islets: Control by Glucose

Rat pancreatic islets, isolated from the whole gland by digestion with collagenase, were incubated in a continuous flow system in which various concentrations of glucose were contained in the buffer solution. The pattern of release of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) consisted generally of successive main phases with multiple minor fluctuations within the broader cyclic release. Threshold and responsiveness of various phases of IRI release with different glucose concentrations and flow rates have been investigated.

Lack of Ketosis in Lipoatrophic Diabetes

Several metabolic studies wece performed on a thirty-year-old Japanese woman with lipoatrophic diabetes. The fasting serum levels of insulin were high, and the insulin response to glucose ingestion was subnormal. The serum growth hormone levels were normal. Lipolytic and ketonemic stimuli such as starvation and epinephrine injection failed to increase the serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies. The absence of ketonemia was attributable to the lack of substrate delivered from adipose tissue.

Comment The Effect of Glucose, Fructose, Xylitol or Sorbitol Loading on the Blood Sugar, Serum NEFA and Immuno-Reactive Insulin (IRI) in the Cases with Hyperinsulinism

Glucose, fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol loading tests were tried on the subjects with marked hyperinsulinism; one with prediabetes who was inherited strongly by diabetes but had normal glucose tolerance, and the other with insulinoma. 0.33 g of each sugar per kg of body weight was injected intravenously, and blood sugar (by Autoanalyzer), serum NEFA (by Novak’s method) and IRI (by Hales and Randle’s method) were measured intermittently for one hour after injection.