Mohamad Nassereddine

How to design an effective earthing system to ensure the safety of the people

Performing High Voltage (HV) maintenance with a multicraft work force creates a special set of safety circumstances. The safety of people including workers will be discussed in this paper. In Addition, this paper will present an effective approach to design an earthing system. This approach explains the theoretical background necessary to perform the calculation of the required safety voltages. Finally, this paper provides a verification of the proposed approach via simulation with Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Fields, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis CDEGS software.

AC Interference Study on Pipeline: The Impact of the OHEW under Full Load and Fault Current

Electrical Safety as a result of induced voltage is gaining more attention in the area of HV utilities. This paper discusses the Electrical safety in a pipeline running parallel to a HV transmission line, and the methods of calculating the mutual impedance between the HV and pipeline. In addition, it also introduces a method of calculating the induced voltage in the pipeline and its mitigation process

Conversion of a switched reluctance motor to operate as a generator for wind power applications

Climate change effect become number one concern in many countries due to the effect that will have on human life. Renewable energy found to be one of the most effective ways to overcome this problem, wind energy is part of the renewable and one of the most growing areas in this field. In this paper the definition of switched reluctance generator and the principal of operation will be discussed, the excitation cycle and its relation to the switching parameters, methods on the switching phenomena will be discussed, low speed circuit and high speed circuit will be explained, output power of the SRM

Fault current distribution and pole earth potential rise (EPR) under substation fault

Abstract New high-voltage (HV) substations are fed by transmission lines. The position of these lines necessitates earthing design to ensure safety compliance of the system. Conductive structures such as steel or concrete poles are widely used in HV transmission mains. The earth potential rise (EPR) generated by a fault at the substation could result in an unsafe condition. This article discusses EPR based on substation fault. The pole EPR assessment under substation fault is assessed with and without mutual impedance consideration. Split factor determination with and without the mutual impedance of the line is also discussed. Furthermore, a simplified formula to compute the pole grid current under substation fault is included. Also, it includes the introduction of the n factor which determines the number of poles that required earthing assessments under substation fault. A case study is shown.

Designing a Lightning Protection System Using the Rolling Sphere Method

Lightning is a natural occurring phenomenon that can cause damage harm and fatality. This paper discusses the lightning protection of a property using the rolling sphere method. In addition, it introduces an easy approach on how to design an effective lightning protection and finally it provides a case study

Substation and Transmission Lines Earthing System Design under Substation Fault

Abstract High-voltage substations are fed by transmission lines with the earthing system solidly bonded to the substation earth grid. Under substation fault, both the substation earth grid and the pole grid resistance are exposed to voltage rise. This voltage rise could reach unacceptable and dangerous levels. Earthing system design ensures safety compliance for both the substation and transmission lines under fault conditions. This article analyses the relation between the substation earth potential rise and the transmission pole earth potential rises. The analysis shows that the poles located within the finite length from the substation form a solid input to the substation earth potential rise. The article reviews the existing literature and develops the formulas to assist the designer to compute the substation earth potential rise from the pole earth potential rise and vice versa. The article proposes modifications to IEEE earthing design block diagram. This modification ensures that the transmission line earthing system is always compliant to allowable safety limits under substation fault. Furthermore, the article shows the method to estimate the substation earth potential rise by measuring the pole earth potential rise with a case study.

OHEW types and its implications on pole EPR under pole fault

High Voltage (HV) transmission mains form important assets in electrical networks. The existence of these infrastructures within the community necessitates earthing design to ensure safety compliance of the system. OHEW (overhead earth wire) forms parts of the HV transmission mains, whereas the OHEW plays an important role when it comes to fault current distributions and to lightning protections for the transmission mains assets. Different types of OHEW have different impacts on the earth potential rise (EPR) of the transmission mains under pole fault. This paper endeavours to provide information in regards to: pole EPR under pole fault, the definition of finite and infinite transmission lines, and the impact of the OHEW types on the finite and infinite determinations. Furthermore, the pole fault EPR assessments under different OHEW type are discussed. A case study is addressed to show the different impacts on the pole EPR under different OHEW systems.

Electrical energy management for advance smart home systems: Introduction

Electrical power energy forms an indispensable part of human comfort. Numerous activities would have been impossible without the aid of electricity. The introduction of the PV solar system introduces additional challenges to engineers on how to increase the efficiency of the system. Micro grid PV generations spread world-wide by installing small size PV system on the roof top of residential properties. The maximum output of the PV system is at midday where working families are away from homes. Without the storage system, this energy can only be injected into the electrical grid. This paper introduces the concept of electrical management system for smart home. The proposed smart system allows percentage of the PV generated energy to be used during working hours. Also, the proposed system gives the individual a total control to maximize the use of generated energies, reduce the electricity bills and the impact on the environment. Case study is included.

Counterpoise Mutual Voltage and Its Impacts on the HV Transmission UGOH Pole Earth Potential Rise

Abstract High-voltage earthing system design is required to ensure safety compliance and adequate operation of the high-voltage infrastructures. The transmission lines form a solid part of the high-voltage infrastructure. The underground to overhead (UGOH) pole earth grid is one of the main challenges when it comes to transmission line earthing system design. To ensure safety compliance at low cost, counterpoise earthing is used at the UGOH pole for the underground lines. The counterpoise aids in lowering the UGOH pole earth grid resistance. This paper addresses the counterpoise analysis as currently being studied. Furthermore, it introduces the counterpoise mutual voltage between the faulted phase and the counterpoise and its impact at the UGOH pole earth potential rise. Case study is included.

Overhead distribution lightning performance on joint use concrete poles with transmission lines

Electrical power is an essential source of comfort, numerous tasks are almost impossible to be performed without the aid of the electrical power. To keep up with the population growth worldwide, electrical infrastructure are being upgraded and up-rated. To maximize the use to the land and reduce construction cost, joint-use structures between distribution and transmission line are broadly deployed. These joint structures introduce the overhead earth wire (OHEW), pole earth grids and taller poles to the distribution network. This paper endeavours to study the impact that these joint structures have on the lightning performance of the distribution line. Furthermore, the works provide important information on lightning performance and determine when these joint structures worsen or enhancing the lighting performance of the distribution asset. Case study is also included.