Mohamed Shaat

Effects of surface integrity on the mechanics of ultra-thin films

Abstract A detailed formulation for the effects of the surface integrity, i.e. surface topography, surface metallurgy, and surface mechanical properties, on the mechanics of ultra-thin films is proposed in the framework of linear elasticity. In this formulation, the ultra-thin film is modeled as a material bulk covered with two altered layers and two rough surfaces as distinct phases. Two versions of the proposed formulation are developed. In the first version, the governing equations are obtained depending on the general form of the surface topography. In the second version, the governing equations are reformulated utilizing the average parameters of the surface topography. In the proposed formulation, measures are incorporated to account for the effects of the surface topography, i.e. waviness and roughness, surface metallurgy, i.e. altered layer, and surface excess energy on the mechanics of ultra-thin films. A case study for the static bending of clamped–clamped ultra-thin films is analytically solved. A parametric study on the effects of the surface roughness, waviness, altered layers, and film size on the static bending of ultra-thin films is presented. In this study, new size-dependent behaviors are revealed where the mechanics of ultra-thin films can be significantly altered for the small variations in the surface integrity.

Reporting buckling strength and elastic properties of nanowires

Nanocrystalline-nanowires have been incorporated in many micro-/nano-scale applications. To design nanowires-based nano-devices, studies should be conducted on the characterization of the elastic properties and the buckling strengths of nanowires. The challenge associated with detecting the properties of nanowires is that their properties are size-dependent. This motivated us to propose a model for the mechanics of nanocrystalline nanowires. In the context of this model, new measures are incorportated to account for the nanowire material structure and size effects and to reflect the experimental observations of nanomaterials-nanowires. This model is then harnessed to report the ranges of the buckling strength and the elastic properties of nanowires made of nanocrystalline diamond, Si, Al, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt, for the first time. First, we report the range of the grain boundary Youngs modulus for the various nanocrystalline materials. Depending on the contents of the grain boundary and the amount of impuri...

Effects of processing force on performance of nano-resonators produced by magnetron sputtering deposition

Abstract Magnetron sputtering is a perfect technique for processing nanomaterials for engineering and medical applications. A material can be processed with specific mechanical properties, microstructure, and surface texture by controlling the parameters of magnetron sputtering. Therefore, studies should be conducted on investigating the processing conditions on the performance of nanomaterials processed by magnetron sputtering. In this study, effects of the processing force on the surface roughness and vibration characteristics of micro/nano-resonators produced by magnetron sputtering deposition are revealed. The processing force is defined as the ratio of the sputtering power-to-the substrates traveling velocity. By comparing the substrates traveling velocity to the deposition rate of the sputtered particles, relations are derived for the thickness and surface roughness evolutions with the processing force. The coefficients of these relations are experimentally determined for mechanical resonators made of FeNiCr alloy. Then, the variations of the natural frequencies of these resonators with the processing force of magnetron sputtering and the deposition rate of the sputtered particles are depicted. It is demonstrated that special considerations should be given for the effects of the processing conditions and surface roughness when designing mechanical resonators produced by magnetron sputtering.

Reporting the fatigue life of 316L stainless steel locking compression plate implants: the role of the femoral and tibial biomechanics during the gait

In this study, the fatigue characteristics of femoral and tibial locking compression plate (LCP) implants are determined accounting for the knee biomechanics during the gait. A biomechanical model for the kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during the complete gait cycle is proposed. The rotations of the femur, tibia, and patella about the knee joint during the gait are determined. Moreover, the patellar-tendon force (PT), quadriceps-tendon force (QT), the tibiofemoral joint force (TFJ), and the patellofemoral joint force (PFJ) through the standard gait cycle are obtained as functions of the body weight (BW). On the basis of the derived biomechanics of the knee joint, the fatigue factors of safety along with the fatigue life of 316L stainless steel femoral and tibial LCP implants are reported as functions of the BW and bone fracture location, for the first time. The reported results reveal that 316L stainless steel LCP implants for femoral surgeries are preferred for conditions in which the bone fracture is close to the knee joint and the BW is less than 80 kg. For tibial surgeries, 316L stainless steel LCP implants can be used for conditions in which the bone fracture is close to the knee joint and the BW is less than 100 kg. This study presents a critical guide for the determination of the fatigue characteristics of LCP implants. The obtained results reveal that the fatigue analyses should be performed on the basis of the body biomechanics to guarantee accurate designs of LCP implants for femoral and tibial orthopedic surgeries.

Correction of local elasticity for nonlocal residuals: application to Euler–Bernoulli beams

Complications exist when solving the field equation in the nonlocal field. This has been attributed to the complexity of deriving explicit forms of the nonlocal boundary conditions. Thus, the paradoxes in the existing solutions of the nonlocal field equation have been revealed in recent studies. In the present study, a new methodology is proposed to easily determine the elastic nonlocal fields from their local counterparts without solving the field equation. This methodology depends on the iterative-nonlocal residual approach in which the sum of the nonlocal fields is treaded as a residual field. Thus, in this study the corrections of the local linear and nonlinear elastic fields for the nonlocal residuals in materials are presented. These corrections are formed based on the general nonlocal theory. In the context of the general nonlocal theory, two distinct nonlocal parameters are introduced to form the constitutive equations of isotropic elastic continua. In this study, it is demonstrated that the general nonlocal theory outperforms Eringen’s nonlocal theory in accounting for the impacts of the material’s Poisson’s ratio on its mechanics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the corrections of the local static bending, vibration, and buckling characteristics of Euler–Bernoulli beams are derived. Via these corrections, bending, vibration, and buckling behaviors of simple-supported nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beams are determined without solving the beam’s equation of motion.

Poisson's ratio effects on the mechanics of auxetic nanobeams

Abstract Poissons ratio is an important mechanical property that explains the deformation patterns of materials. A positive Poissons ratio is a feature of the majority of materials. Some materials, however, display “auxetic” behaviors (i.e. possess negative Poissons ratios). Indeed, auxetic and non-auxetic materials display different deformation mechanisms. Explaining these differences and their effects on the mechanics of these materials is of a significant importance. In this study, effects of Poissons ratio on the mechanics of auxetic and non-auxetic nanobeams are revealed. A parametric study is provided on effects of Poissons ratio on the static bending and free vibration behaviors of auxetic nanobeams. The general nonlocal theory is employed to model the nonlocal effects. Unlike Eringens nonlocal theory, the general nonlocal theory uses different attenuation functions for the longitudinal and lateral strains. This theory emphasizes the Poissons ratio-nonlocal coupling effects on the mechanics of nanomaterials. The obtained results showed that Poissons ratio is an essential parameter for determining mechanical behaviors of nanobeams. It is demonstrated that auxetic and non-auxetic nanobeams may reflect softening or hardening behaviors depending on the ratio of the nonlocal fields of the beams longitudinal and lateral strains.

A reduced micromorphic model for multiscale materials and its applications in wave propagation

Abstract In this study, a reduced micromorphic model for multiscale materials is developed. In the context of this model, multiscale materials are modeled with deformable microstructures. The deformation energy is formed depending on microstrain and macroscopic strain residual fields. The constitutive equations according to the reduced micromorphic model only depend on eight material coefficients for linear elastic materials. These material coefficients are related to the material micro/macro-stiffnesses and the material’s microstructural features. The wave dispersions in multiscale materials are then derived according to the reduced micromorphic model. It is revealed that this model can reflect nine dispersion curves (three acoustic modes and six optics) for a two-scale material. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the wave propagation characteristics, the band structure, and the absolute bandgap features of phononic materials are investigated. It is demonstrated that the reduced micromorphic model can effectively reflect the increase in the bandgap width with the increase in the filling factor in a composite phononic material with square lattices.

Accurate modeling and analysis of mechanical nano-resonators

I spite of the progresses of the imagers’ efficiency, notably X-ray and optical modality, their use and potentials are still dramatically limited by the low efficiency and toxicity of contrast agents. This study presents the development of new contrast agents overcoming these limitations, based on non-toxic nano-emulsions highly loaded in contrasting materials, intended to fluorescence tomography and/or computed tomography (CT) preclinical imaging. The success of the formulation of such contrast agents relies on several interdependent challenges: (i) Designing efficient and cost-effective contrast that are easy to synthesize and that can be loaded at high concentrations in nano-particles. (ii) Developing formulations of the contrast agents without organic solvents and specific mechanical device. (iii) Adjusting the nano-particle surface to allow high stability of the nano-particles (at least several months), good bioavailability and efficient targeting. (iv) a long circulation in blood, the control of the bio-distribution and pharmacokinetics and the absence of toxicity. Contrast agents were formulated as lipid nano-emulsions that consisted in a lipid core, surrounded by a non-ionic PEGylated surfactant layer. Our preliminary results regarding the CT scan on mice showing the pharmacokinetics in blood, liver and spleen of nano-emulsions composed iodinated glyceryl mono-caprilate. Comparing with iodinated vitamin E which has presented in our previous study, these two nano-emulsions only differ in the chemical nature of the core, however their pharmacokinetics is strongly different as one targets the liver, and the other the spleen.E harvesting technology has recently gained attraction as it enables the utilization of diverse ambient energy sources. Clean and sustainable energy generation from ambient environments is important not only for large scale systems but also for tiny electrical devices, because of the limitations of batteries or external power sources. Reverse electro-dialysis (RED) is such a technique that converts electrical energy from the concentration gradient between a concentrated solution (e.g., seawater) and a diluted solution (e.g., fresh water). We experimentally investigated a RED device using two types of nano-fluidic pores: Nano-porous polycarbonate track-etch membranes and self-assembled nano-pore networks. Highly effective cation-selective nano-channel networks are realized between two microfluidic channels with geometrically controlled in situ self-assembled nanoparticles in a cost-effective and simple way. The nano-interstices between the assembled nanoparticles have a role as collective three-dimensional nano-channel networks and they allow higher ionic flux under concentration gradients without decreasing diffusion potential, compared to standard onedimensional nano-channels. We performed the parametric study by varying the concentration differences, the pore size, and the electrolyte types. We characterized the RED performance in terms of maximum voltage, maximum current, and maximum power. This microfluidic power generation system can be readily integrated with existing lab on chip systems in the near future and can also be utilized to investigate nanoscale electro-kinetics.N mechanical nano-devices are widely used for biological, chemical, and physical applications. These devices are composed of mechanical nano-resonators with high sensitivities. The operating principle of a nano-device to detect a physical quantity is based up on an induced property change of the attached resonator as a response for the detected physical quantity. These devices should be integrated with accurate mathematical models to relate the induced property change with the physical quantity. The accuracy of the measurement is strictly related to the accuracy of the mathematical model to represent the mechanical behaviors of the resonator. To satisfy the size constraints, these mechanical resonators are made of nano-materials. Therefore, the developed models for these resonators should account for the unique behaviors of nano-materials. Furthermore, these developed models should account for the resonators’ size effects. In this presentation, a discussion on the accurate modeling of mechanical nano-resonators is presented. Different modeling schemes for mechanical resonators made of single crystalline materials, nano-crystalline materials, and CNTs are discussed. These modeling schemes will enhance the accuracy of nano-devices to detect the physical quantity. To accurately model single crystalline materials and CNTs-based resonators, a general nonlocal continuum theory is presented. This continuum theory has the merit to account for the nonlocal dispersions of the crystal structure accounting for the resonators’ size effect. For nano-crystalline materials-based resonators, a continuum model integrated with a size-dependent micromechanical model is proposed. The micromechanical model has the merit to account for the heterogeneity nature of the material structure and the grains’ size effects. This micromechanical model is integrated with an atomic lattice model to estimate the effective properties of the grain boundary. The continuum model is based up on one of the micro-field theories depending on the nature of the material structure.S importance is given to highlight new techniques and recent progress in enhancing photo catalytic efficiency and flux of TiO2-based materials, which drives the design of key strategies and potential new directions of TiO2 photo-catalysts. The TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanofibers were produced by electro-spinning technique. Silicone elastomer discs (diameter: 10.0 mm; thickness: 2.0 mm) are surface coated with the TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanofibers. The surface functionalization of these nanofibers on silicone elastomer surface by dip-coating method, results in the formation of (TiO2-) and (TiO2-Ag) silicone discs. The coated discs were characterized by various techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, EDS, UV, etc. These characterizations reveal that surface morphology of electrospun nanofibers has not been lost by the dip-coating technique. The produced material TiO2and TiO2-Ag silicone discs, when utilized as photo-catalysts to degrade water (dairy waste in this study) exhibited good results, and very good material for high water flux and water photo-splitting.

On the mechanics of nanomaterials in micro-/nano-scale applications

I spite of the progresses of the imagers’ efficiency, notably X-ray and optical modality, their use and potentials are still dramatically limited by the low efficiency and toxicity of contrast agents. This study presents the development of new contrast agents overcoming these limitations, based on non-toxic nano-emulsions highly loaded in contrasting materials, intended to fluorescence tomography and/or computed tomography (CT) preclinical imaging. The success of the formulation of such contrast agents relies on several interdependent challenges: (i) Designing efficient and cost-effective contrast that are easy to synthesize and that can be loaded at high concentrations in nano-particles. (ii) Developing formulations of the contrast agents without organic solvents and specific mechanical device. (iii) Adjusting the nano-particle surface to allow high stability of the nano-particles (at least several months), good bioavailability and efficient targeting. (iv) a long circulation in blood, the control of the bio-distribution and pharmacokinetics and the absence of toxicity. Contrast agents were formulated as lipid nano-emulsions that consisted in a lipid core, surrounded by a non-ionic PEGylated surfactant layer. Our preliminary results regarding the CT scan on mice showing the pharmacokinetics in blood, liver and spleen of nano-emulsions composed iodinated glyceryl mono-caprilate. Comparing with iodinated vitamin E which has presented in our previous study, these two nano-emulsions only differ in the chemical nature of the core, however their pharmacokinetics is strongly different as one targets the liver, and the other the spleen.E harvesting technology has recently gained attraction as it enables the utilization of diverse ambient energy sources. Clean and sustainable energy generation from ambient environments is important not only for large scale systems but also for tiny electrical devices, because of the limitations of batteries or external power sources. Reverse electro-dialysis (RED) is such a technique that converts electrical energy from the concentration gradient between a concentrated solution (e.g., seawater) and a diluted solution (e.g., fresh water). We experimentally investigated a RED device using two types of nano-fluidic pores: Nano-porous polycarbonate track-etch membranes and self-assembled nano-pore networks. Highly effective cation-selective nano-channel networks are realized between two microfluidic channels with geometrically controlled in situ self-assembled nanoparticles in a cost-effective and simple way. The nano-interstices between the assembled nanoparticles have a role as collective three-dimensional nano-channel networks and they allow higher ionic flux under concentration gradients without decreasing diffusion potential, compared to standard onedimensional nano-channels. We performed the parametric study by varying the concentration differences, the pore size, and the electrolyte types. We characterized the RED performance in terms of maximum voltage, maximum current, and maximum power. This microfluidic power generation system can be readily integrated with existing lab on chip systems in the near future and can also be utilized to investigate nanoscale electro-kinetics.N mechanical nano-devices are widely used for biological, chemical, and physical applications. These devices are composed of mechanical nano-resonators with high sensitivities. The operating principle of a nano-device to detect a physical quantity is based up on an induced property change of the attached resonator as a response for the detected physical quantity. These devices should be integrated with accurate mathematical models to relate the induced property change with the physical quantity. The accuracy of the measurement is strictly related to the accuracy of the mathematical model to represent the mechanical behaviors of the resonator. To satisfy the size constraints, these mechanical resonators are made of nano-materials. Therefore, the developed models for these resonators should account for the unique behaviors of nano-materials. Furthermore, these developed models should account for the resonators’ size effects. In this presentation, a discussion on the accurate modeling of mechanical nano-resonators is presented. Different modeling schemes for mechanical resonators made of single crystalline materials, nano-crystalline materials, and CNTs are discussed. These modeling schemes will enhance the accuracy of nano-devices to detect the physical quantity. To accurately model single crystalline materials and CNTs-based resonators, a general nonlocal continuum theory is presented. This continuum theory has the merit to account for the nonlocal dispersions of the crystal structure accounting for the resonators’ size effect. For nano-crystalline materials-based resonators, a continuum model integrated with a size-dependent micromechanical model is proposed. The micromechanical model has the merit to account for the heterogeneity nature of the material structure and the grains’ size effects. This micromechanical model is integrated with an atomic lattice model to estimate the effective properties of the grain boundary. The continuum model is based up on one of the micro-field theories depending on the nature of the material structure.S importance is given to highlight new techniques and recent progress in enhancing photo catalytic efficiency and flux of TiO2-based materials, which drives the design of key strategies and potential new directions of TiO2 photo-catalysts. The TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanofibers were produced by electro-spinning technique. Silicone elastomer discs (diameter: 10.0 mm; thickness: 2.0 mm) are surface coated with the TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanofibers. The surface functionalization of these nanofibers on silicone elastomer surface by dip-coating method, results in the formation of (TiO2-) and (TiO2-Ag) silicone discs. The coated discs were characterized by various techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, EDS, UV, etc. These characterizations reveal that surface morphology of electrospun nanofibers has not been lost by the dip-coating technique. The produced material TiO2and TiO2-Ag silicone discs, when utilized as photo-catalysts to degrade water (dairy waste in this study) exhibited good results, and very good material for high water flux and water photo-splitting.

Mechanics of nanodevices and nanosensors

Atest apparatus with electronic control system was devised to synthesis Carbon Nanoparticles (CNP) by submerged arc discharge between two pure graphite electrodes in pure liquid paraffin oil medium. Different grades of oil viscosity are used. It was found that the resultant oil from the arc process contains carbon nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) was used to characterize the output morphology of the resultant CNP. Physical and tribological properties of the resultant oil are assessed. It was found that presence of CNP in paraffin oil resulted in reduced coefficient of friction in four-ball testing machine, raising its flash point, but reduced slightly its viscosity. This system can be improved to be applied industrially in a continuous product line with added suitable dispersant. Further work is proceeding to optimize test conditions.Methods: Twenty four immature upper permanent incisors teeth, in 6 dogs of 6 month old, were selected and divided into 2 groups. Group (A), 12 teeth for dental pulp stem cells transplantation and group (B) 12 teeth for sealing with MTA paste only. Another 12 teeth, Group (C), for isolation of the dental pulp stem cells were grouped. Apical periodontitis were induced in groups (A) and (B). After disinfection, teeth were re-entered and mixture of antibiotic paste was applied for two weeks. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from group (C) teeth of the same dog, prepared for transplantation, mixed with growth factors and transplanted in group (A) teeth while MTA was applied for group (B) teeth. Both groups (A) and (B) teeth were monitored radiographically for periradicular healing and root wall thickening and/or lengthening.W report on the effect of Au nanoparticle deposition on the colors of virus-based colorimetric sensors consisted of selfassembled M13 bacteriophage films decorated by Au nanoparticles. We observed the effect of the localized surface plasmons in the Au nanoparticles onto the virus-based self-assembled films. Recently, virus-based colorimetric sensors have demonstrated real-time detection of biochemicals with high sensitivity, and portability (Nature Communications, 5, 3043 (2014)). Therefore, it is desirable if we can obtain colored virus films in a reliable way. However, the M13 bacteriophage-based films show some variance in their colors after assembly. This can be a problem in the mass production process of virus-based colorimetric sensors for commercial use. In this study, we fabricated a biomimetic material-based colorimetric film using M13 bacteriophage, a filamentous virus that infects only bacteria, as the building block. Then, we deposited Au nanoparticles over the colorimetric film. We observed the effect of Au nanoparticle deposition on the color and morphology of the virus films by using optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From these studies, we provide a method for structural color enhancement of biomimetic material-based colorimetric films.B vanadate has become most promising material for photocatalytic applications from last decade due to its visible light driven reactions in the degradation of organic pollutants. However, it is well known that doping agents may enhance the catalytic activities. In this context, investigations on nano-sized BiVO4 oxides doped by suitable metal ions are conducted in the aim to enhance the absorption in the visible spectral range and increase the efficiency of photocatalytic responses. Thus, highly crystalline silver loaded BiVO4 are prepared by mechano-chemical reaction between bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and vanadium oxide (V2O5) in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and adding metallic silver particles (<10 mm) at different atomic percentages with respect to the host oxide material (2,4,6,8 and 10%). The suitable ball milling parameters are adjusted as well as the conditions of post-synthesis annealing in order to improve the crystalline features of the samples. Complementary characterization techniques were performed to analyze the main features of the samples. Thus, XRD analysis confirmed a major high crystalline monoclinic scheelite structure for all BiVO4:Ag samples. High resolution TEM image reveals Ag presence in nano-particles along with BiVO4. The morphology of the samples investigated by FE-SEM shows particles with 50 nm sized and the effective doping by Ag ions was indeed demonstrated by (EDAX) technique. Optical absorption measurements reveal an evolution from 2.55 to 2.33 eV of BiVO4 gap with Ag doping rates.S Enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) allows detection or state identification of molecules at sub-micromolar concentrations which are especially required for accurate analysis of physiological liquids. An enormous increase of Raman signal intensity from molecules adhered on metallic nanostructures is mostly connected with plasmonic properties of metals. By today solid SERS-active substrates have attracted a great attention due to enhancement factor (EF) reproducibility and simple use. On the other hand solid substrates have to be composed of highly ordered arrays of metallic nanostructures which are fabricated by complicated and expensive nanoengineering methods. In this report, results of a research of porous silicon (PS) as a template for the fabrication of SERS-active substrates are presented. PS was formed by an electrochemical anodization of bulk silicon in HF-based solutions. Dimensions of pores and silicon crystallites in PS were varied from a couple of nanometers to micron by the anodization regimes and the type of bulk silicon. Metallic nanostructures were deposited on PSby “wet”methods. PS templates provided fabrication of different morphological forms of metallic structures (nanoparticles, dendrites, nanovoids, etc.). It was found that plasmonic properties of the metallic nanostructures strongly depend on the PS morphology and the metal deposition regimes. SERS-activity of the obtained substrates was studied using aqueous or alcoholic solutions of rhodamine6G and metallic porphyrins as analytes. It was estimated that EF of SERS-active substrate based on PS template can reach 109. Deviation of EF reproducibility from substrate to substrate was shown to be less than 20 %.W examined room temperature band-to-band tunneling in 2D InAs/3D GaSb heterostructures. Specifically, multisubband, gate-controlled negative differential resistance is observed in InAs/AlSb/GaSb junctions. Due to spatial confinement in the 10nm-thick InAs layer, tunneling contributions from two distinct subbands are observed as sharp steps in the current-voltage characteristics. It is shown that the relative position of the steps can be controlled via external gate bias. Additionally, the extracted separation in the subband energy agrees well with the calculated values. This is the first demonstration of a gate controlled tunneling diode with multiple subband contributions. By further improving the fabrication techniques, InAs/AlSb/GaSb FET is for the first time demonstrated. Device analysis indicates that Dit plays an important role on device performances and the experimental result clarifies the role of the tunneling junction width with respect to the gate width.H acid (HA) is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan organic polymer, found as structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in mammalian bone marrow and loose connective tissues of our body. Hyaluronic acid also plays a major role in cell proliferation, motility, cell adhesion and gene expression. Cellular HA receptors such as CD44+ and RHAMM are over expressed in cancer which makes it a good candidate for tumor targeting purpose. Here we have developed a T1 gadolinium contrast agent based on Hyaluronic acid (HA) that target CD44+ receptor over expression in cirrhosis which also display higher relaxation property than primovist and better contrast–to–noise ratio (CNR) at 20 min and even at 2 hr time period. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have emerged as an MRI contrast agent primarily for tumor imaging due to their efficacy and safety, proven by clinical application with a series of marketed SPION-based contrast agents. For the purpose of tumor diagnosis iron oxide nanoparticle coated with Hyaluronic acid (HA-SPION) as T2 contrast agent was synthesized with co-PEGylation strategy for increased bioavailabilty to tumor region. And finally, hyaluronic acid micelle that can encapsulate hydrophobic anti-cancer drug such as paclitaxel that specifically target CD44+ overexpressing tumor are synthesised which can act as promising drug delivery vehicle.P sulfide) (PPS) is well known for its heat resistance, high mechanical strength, excellent chemical resistance, and good electronic properties. It is used in many areas, especially in electronics, mechanical, and chemical engineering. In order to improve thermal and electrical properties of PPS as well as to expand its application, a series of PPSbased nanocomposite films containing multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) of 0.1~10.0 wt% as functional reinforcing nanofiller were manufactured by melt-mixing and -compression. The microstructures, thermal and electrical properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated as a function of the MWCNT content. FT-IR spectra and SEM images confirmed that PPS/MWCNT nanocomposite films supported that MWCNTs were randomly dispersed in the PPS matrix. DSC and TGA data indicated that the thermal transition temperatures as well as the degradation temperatures of the nanocomposite films were influenced by the presence of the MWCNT. The electrical resistivity of the nanocomposite films were dramatically changed with increasing the MWCNT by exhibiting a typical percolation threshold. Furthermore, the applications of PPS/MWCNT nanocomposite films as electric heating elements were demonstrated. The electric heating performance of the nanocomposite films with high MWCNT contents was systematically characterized in terms of temperature response rapidity, saturated maximum temperature, and electric power efficiency and operational stability at applied voltages up to 100V.G Quantum Dots (GQDs) are proving to be effective imaging paraphernalia for the comprehension of morphological alterations in the cellular membrane due to high absorption coefficients and quantum efficiency. Such quantum dots can be used in drug/delivery vehicles, biolabelling as well as in PCR. An upsurge of expanded interest in the field of magnetic nanotechnology has led us to allow indepth exploitation of magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine. Encapsulating the core made up of magnetic nanoparticles by Gold nanoshell leads to the development of a proficient biocompatible and stabilized drug/delivery system under physiological conditions. Further a nanocomposite was created by allowing conglomeration of AuFe3O4 core-shell with GQDs. This modular design enables Au-Fe3O4-GQDs to perform multiple functions simultaneously, such as in multimodal imaging, drug delivery and real-time monitoring, as well as combined therapeutic approaches. The ability of MNPs to enhance proton relaxation of specific tissues and serve as MR imaging contrast agents is one of the most promising applications of nanomedicine. In the present work, Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles are used as able cargo for the docking of anti-cancer drug such as Doxorubicin (DOX) using cysteamine as a linker for the attachment. The attachment could be monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. The stability of Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was scrutinized by measuring the flocculation parameter which was found to be in the range of 0-0.65. Further, zeta potential measurements confirmed the pH of 7.4 at which maximum drug attachment can take place. The amalgamation of the drug along with activated folic acid as a navigational molecule is the critical phase for targeted drug delivery. Attachments were verified using FTIR and NMR which confirmed the formation of non-covalent interactions. The drug loading capacity of the Au-Fe3O4 was found to be 76%. Drug-release was studied using the AC magnetic field generator and was found to be temperature dependent phenomena. GQDs were found to be effective players in tracking the drug-delivery vehicle around the miscreant cell and inside them. Au-Fe3O4-GQD-FA-DOX complex was found to be comparatively non-toxic for normal cells and considerably toxic for Hep-2 cells due to hyperthermal properties of SPIONS and targeted-mechanism of folic acid.S is severe chronic disabling brain disease affecting about 24 million people worldwide and 4 million people in India as WHO 2011 report. Asenapine maleate (ASN) is a novel psychopharmacologic agent recommended for treatment of Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder. ASN suffers with the problems of poor aqueous solubility, very low oral bioavailability (1-2%) and high patient non-adherence. Therefore, objective of the present study was to prepare Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) of Asenapine maleate to improve the bioavailability and enhance the uptake of ASN to the brain via intranasal route. Asenapine loaded NLCs (ASN-NLCs) were prepared by melt emulsification-high shear homogenization method. For preparation of NLCs, Glyceryl monostearate, Oleic acid and Tween 80 were used as solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant, respectively. ASN-NLCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release study, XRD and DSC. Stability study was performed at 25°C/60% RH for three months. Further, pharmacodynamic studies (paw test and l-dopa induced locomotor activity test) were performed on rat model to evaluate the efficacy of formulation. ASNNLCs were successfully prepared and optimized with particle size below 200 nm, zeta potential -15.38±2.17 mV, EE 82±3.5% and more than 85% drug release in 24 h. The XRD and DSC analysis indicate that Asenapine was present in amorphous state in NLCs. The ASN-NLCs were stable over 3 month studies. In pharmacodynamic studies, significant increase (p<0.05) in antipsychotic potential was observed in ANS-NLCs as compared to pure drug. These results indicate that the NLCs are having a potential to deliver drug into the brain from the non-invasive intranasal route.P is extremely abundant in the earth’s crust and distributed very widely. Due to the particularity of it, pyrite is an important research subject in several different fields such as gold prospecting, metallogenic environment, metallogenic prediction, and even functional material. Studies have shown that different Fe/S atom ratio, impurity, and temperature, could all cause crystal defects in the crystal interior, which could lead to the occurrence of crystal lattice structure distortion, which then could affect the thermoelectricity of pyrite. Thus, there might exist a response relationship between the mineral crystal structure and thermoelectricity. However, presently, the research on the relation between the response researches is still rare. In this paper, the samples were obtained by thermal sulfidation during 320~420°C and studied using a SEM ,a XRD and thermoelectricity instrument respectively, to study the crystal morphology, structure and thermoelectricity. The research shows that:(1) Pyrite prepared by thermal sulfidation, are p-type with a small scope of thermoelectric coefficient and good stability. (2) The value of the thermoelectric coefficient was correlated with the growth degree of crystal planes, the higher degree of crystallinity, the higher thermoelectric coefficient. (3) There exists a significantly different influence from different directions on the thermoelectric coefficient; the thermoelectric coefficient of low-index surface (111), (200) and (210) was significantly greater than high-index surface (220) and (311). (4) In the pyrite crystal, the different reticular density caused different thermoelectric. The greater the reticular density, the greater is the influence on the thermoelectric coefficient.