Mohammad A. Khaled

Effect of protein energy supplementation on oxidative stress in malnourished children

Protein-energy malnourished children are prone to oxidative damage induced by the reactive oxygen species thus producing a state of oxidative stress. High protein energy supplementation to such children has been shown in this study to enhance their body protein nutriture status in terms of albumin, prealbumin and retinol binding protein. Concomitantly, the oxidative stress has also been alleviated substantially as indicated by the reduced levels of thioburbituric acid reacting substances in the blood of the study subjects.

Validation of an anthropometric equation and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technique to measure body composition of children in India using D2O dilution method

Abstract To validate two practical methods of body composition measurement, total body water percent (TBW) was measured using a) anthropometric equations, b) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and c) deuterium oxide (D 2 O) dilution (reference method) in 10 children (7 boys, 3 girls) from among urban poor in Kolkata, India (age : 8 m to 60 m, mean ± SD=29.0 ± 18.82). The deuterium dilution (D 2 O) and the BIA method showed close concordance for estimation of TBW% (mean ± SD of difference of paired values: 0.186 ± 1.567, r=0.81). Similarly, a close concordance between D 2 O and anthropometric method for TBW% (mean ± SD of difference of paired values: 0.155 ± 0.998, r=0.93) was shown. Of the two methods, anthropometry appeared more accurate, useful and expedient than the BIA method, although the difference was not significant. However, unlike anthropometry BIA can also be used to measure TBW and other body compartments and in some disease states.

Changes of oxidant and antioxidant status in humans due to H.Pylori infection

Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been found to generate many oxygen-centered free radicals which are capable of producing lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation, on the other hand, induces deficiency of many important antioxidative micronutrients. Lipid peroxidations, in terms of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactions substances) were measured in a cohort of 10 adult male H. pylori infected human subjects before and after eradication of this bacterium by a triple therapy regimen using omeprazole (20 mg), amoxicillin (1g) and metronidazole (400 mg) twice a day for two weeks. Presence and absence of H. pylori were ascertained by the 13 C urea breath test (UBT). Total radical antioxidant parameters (TRAP) reflecting the antioxidative protection were also measured. The TBARS (μmol/l) were reduced from 2.99 ± 0.61 to 1.16 ± 0.19 with concomitant increase of TRAP values (mmol/l) from 1.1 + 0.4 to 1.9 + 0.4. after eradication of H. pylori . These significant (P H. pylori infection. Since oxidative stress is implicated in many life threatening diseases, results of this preliminary study strongly suggest prospective investigations of the association of H. pylori with human health disorders.

Determination of doubly labeled water by gas-phase Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Both 2H (deuterium) and 18O (oxygen 18) in isotopically enriched water have been detected by gas-phase Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at 2,720 and 3,661.8 cm-1, respectively. A linear relationship between varying concentrations of each of these isotopes and their absorbance at the above frequencies indicates that gas-phase FTIR may provide a rapid and potentially less expensive approach to measure doubly labeled water in biological fluids for the estimation of energy expenditure and total body water.

Higher body fat aggravates toxin-induced infectious episodes

Animal models using rabbits were developed to accumulate a variable body fat mass (FM) in two groups of animals while the fat-free mass (FFM), eg, total body protein, was maintained essentially similar between the groups. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were measured as an index of lipid peroxidation and were found to be higher in the whole-body tissues of animals with a higher FM. Bacterial toxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) also induced higher lipid peroxidation in animals with a higher FM, with a concomitant incidence of bloody mucous diarrhea. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence to show the effect of body FM to aggravate toxin-induced infections leading to diarrhea. The overall results suggest further investigations to explore the possible role of body fat in infectious diseases in humans.