Mohammad Arif Hossain

Design and Implementation of a Novel Compatible Encoding Scheme in the Time Domain for Image Sensor Communication

This paper presents a modulation scheme in the time domain based on On-Off-Keying and proposes various compatible supports for different types of image sensors. The content of this article is a sub-proposal to the IEEE 802.15.7r1 Task Group (TG7r1) aimed at Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) using an image sensor as the receiver. The compatibility support is indispensable for Image Sensor Communications (ISC) because the rolling shutter image sensors currently available have different frame rates, shutter speeds, sampling rates, and resolutions. However, focusing on unidirectional communications (i.e., data broadcasting, beacons), an asynchronous communication prototype is also discussed in the paper. Due to the physical limitations associated with typical image sensors (including low and varying frame rates, long exposures, and low shutter speeds), the link speed performance is critically considered. Based on the practical measurement of camera response to modulated light, an operating frequency range is suggested along with the similar system architecture, decoding procedure, and algorithms. A significant feature of our novel data frame structure is that it can support both typical frame rate cameras (in the oversampling mode) as well as very low frame rate cameras (in the error detection mode for a camera whose frame rate is lower than the transmission packet rate). A high frame rate camera, i.e., no less than 20 fps, is supported in an oversampling mode in which a majority voting scheme for decoding data is applied. A low frame rate camera, i.e., when the frame rate drops to less than 20 fps at some certain time, is supported by an error detection mode in which any missing data sub-packet is detected in decoding and later corrected by external code. Numerical results and valuable analysis are also included to indicate the capability of the proposed schemes.

Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks

As an enhancement of cellular networks, the future-generation 5G network can be considered an ultra-high-speed technology. The proposed 5G network might include all types of advanced dominant technologies to provide remarkable services. Consequently, new architectures and service management schemes for different applications of the emerging technologies need to be recommended to solve issues related to data traffic capacity, high data rate, and reliability for ensuring QoS. Cloud computing, Internet of things (IoT), and software-defined networking (SDN) have become some of the core technologies for the 5G network. Cloud-based services provide flexible and efficient solutions for information and communications technology by reducing the cost of investing in and managing information technology infrastructure. In terms of functionality, SDN is a promising architecture that decouples control planes and data planes to support programmability, adaptability, and flexibility in ever-changing network architectures. However, IoT combines cloud computing and SDN to achieve greater productivity for evolving technologies in 5G by facilitating interaction between the physical and human world. The major objective of this study provides a lawless vision on comprehensive works related to enabling technologies for the next generation of mobile systems and networks, mainly focusing on 5G mobile communications.

High temporal-spatial resolution optical wireless communication technique using image sensor

Optical wireless communication (OWC) has recently been considered as one of the efficient and supportive technologies in automotive applications that drive attraction both in R&D and in their practical applications. Exchanging information about the relative directional position of each vehicle together with front and rear-facing direction is significant for fast, accurate and reliable communication. Radio Frequency (RF) (causing extensive interference) or expensive laser (Laser) that is also harmful to the human body are the currently available technology for vehicular communication purposes. Some existing technologies are also using visible light (i.e. LEDs) communications (VLC). But these technologies have the limitation of fast object detection and multiple objects detection as well as maintaining communication simultaneously. However, ensuring high temporal and spatial detection resolution has become one of the challenging tasks for OWC. This paper proposes an image sensor based OWC technique to ensure high temporal and spatial resolution based on VLC system. We proposed an algorithm to support multiple objects detection and communication principal in temporal and spatial condition. We have simulated different scenarios related to spatial and temporal condition using Matlab simulation. The results reveal that our proposed method ensure high temporal and spatial resolution criteria. After all, it also provides secure and fast communication at critical and multiple objects condition efficiently without deploying any tracking method.

Effect of blur Gaussian in MIMO optical camera communications

MIMO is popular technique which can improve the reliability and spectral efficiency of RF communication system by using the spatial link dimensions. It is also an attractive option solution for achieving high data rate. Optical Camera Communication (OCC) is considered for revision specification of visible light communication standard. One of the most consideration disadvantages of OCC is data rate limitation. With traditional modulation scheme, the throughput can achieve a few bits per second. MIMO is promising technique to overcome this limitation. Independent streams of light transmitter array will be sent over optical channel and decoded over a group of camera pixels. However with the effect of blur, two transmit element images may not be resolvable by overlap pixels. In this paper we analyze and evaluate the performance of the blur Gaussian in MIMO OCC.

A Symbiotic Digital Signage system based on display to display communication

Digital signage (DS) has become a phraseology for recent technology, is gaining massive acceptance to the technology-dependent world. Though the development of DS includes the essence of advertisement purposes, the fusion strategy makes it promising for communication technology. This paper demonstrates a Symbiotic Digital Signage (SDS) system in which one display of DS can be used to communicate with other displays of DS. Data are transmitted to the displays using the steganography process which encircles the display to display communication using the camera on display during the video broadcasting simultaneously. The data hidden in video images are retrieved by analyzing the temporal sequential frame of the same image. The steganography process combines data in images in which the discrete time cosine transform (DCT) is used rather than wavelet transform (WT) because of its obvious advantages over the WT. The performance analysis has been shown with respect to the structural similarity (SSIM) of image, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE) of combined RGB color and MSE of the RGB color separately.

Color transmission in image sensor communications using display and camera

Intention for using color in image sensor communication (ISC) has become trendy issue due to its specific limitations. This paper suggests a color transmission technology to minimize the blur effects in the ISC. We propose an asynchronous communication using display as a transmitter and rolling shutter camera as a receiver to measure the blur effect. The interruption due to the blur effects in the communication system has been analyzed. The performance of implemented system has been illustrated with respect to signal to noise ratio (SNR) as well as bit error rate (BER) with a view to estimating the effects of blur on the communication system.

Radio resource management based on reused frequency allocation for dynamic channel borrowing scheme in wireless networks

AbstractIn the modern era, cellular communication consumers are exponentially increasing as they find the system more user-friendly. Due to enormous users and their numerous demands, it has become a mandate to make the best use of the limited radio resources that assures the highest standard of Quality of Service (QoS). To reach the guaranteed level of QoS for the maximum number of users, maximum utilization of bandwidth is not only the key issue to be considered, rather some other factors like interference, call blocking probability etc. are also needed to keep under deliberation. The lower performances of these factors may retrograde the overall cellular networks performances. Keeping these difficulties under consideration, we propose an effective dynamic channel borrowing model that safeguards better QoS, other factors as well. The proposed scheme reduces the excessive overall call blocking probability and does interference mitigation without sacrificing bandwidth utilization. The proposed scheme is modeled in such a way that the cells are bifurcated after the channel borrowing process if the borrowed channels have the same type of frequency band (i.e. reused frequency). We also propose that the unoccupied interfering channels of adjacent cells can also be inactivated, instead of cell bifurcation for interference mitigation. The simulation endings show satisfactory performances in terms of overall call blocking probability and bandwidth utilization that are compared to the conventional scheme without channel borrowing. Furthermore, signal to interference plus noise ratio level, capacity, and outage probability are compared to the conventional scheme without interference mitigation after channel borrowing that may attract the considerable concentration to the operators.

Mathematical modeling for calibrating illuminated image in image sensor communication

Image sensor communication (ISC) has become more imperative for the technology lover by virtue of the development of image sensors in the camera. Lately, Digital signage technology has become one of the most flourished industry for ISC technology as it has uncovered a lot of opportunities such as interactivity, dynamic content provisioning and so on. Granting all this opportuneness, there are some major issues in the case of ISC technology when the communication system specifies the communication by means of steganography process (Inserting data in the video image). Geometric and photometric transformations of the image are among them while the display and the camera act as a transmitter and a receiver in ISC, respectively. Due to this effect, the data can be changed or noise can be even more influential than the required signal. To achieve a relevant communication method, the influence of these transformational issues need to be taken into care. We proposed a mathematical modeling to figure out the photometric effects created by illumination from the light source of the environment in this paper. The channel model is used as non-Lambertian model. The novelty of this work implies the unification of computer vision and proposed channel model to remove the photometric transformational effects due to illumination in an image.

Performance analysis of smart digital signage system based on software-defined IoT and invisible image sensor communication:

Everything in the world is being connected, and things are becoming interactive. The future of the interactive world depends on the future Internet of Things (IoT). Software-defined networking (SDN) technology, a new paradigm in the networking area, can be useful in creating an IoT because it can handle interactivity by controlling physical devices, transmission of data among them, and data acquisition. However, digital signage can be one of the promising technologies in this era of technology that is progressing toward the interactive world, connecting users to the IoT network through device-to-device communication technology. This article illustrates a novel prototype that is mainly focused on a smart digital signage system comprised of software-defined IoT (SD-IoT) and invisible image sensor communication technology. We have proposed an SDN scheme with a view to initiating its flexibility and compatibility for an IoT network-based smart digital signage system. The idea of invisible communication can make the users of the technology trendier to it, and the usage of unused resources such as images and videos can be ensured. In addition, this communication has paved the way for interactivity between the user and digital signage, where the digital signage and the camera of a smartphone can be operated as a transmitter and a receiver, respectively. The proposed scheme might be applicable to real-world applications because SDN has the flexibility to adapt with the alteration of network status without any hardware modifications while displays and smartphones are available everywhere. A performance analysis of this system showed the advantages of an SD-IoT network over an Internet protocol-based IoT network considering a queuing analysis for a dynamic link allocation process in the case of user access to the IoT network.

A new guard-band call admission control policy based on acceptance factor for wireless cellular networks

Utilization of limited resources and quality of service (QoS) improvement are the major concerns for wireless communication networks. Excessive call blocking is a constraint to attain the desired QoS. In cellular network, as the traffic arrival rate increases, new call blocking probability (CBP) increases considerably. Paying profound concern, we have proposed a guard-band call admission control policy that reduces the new call blocking probability with approximately steady handover call dropping probability (CDP) that ensures QoS. Our proposed scheme introduces the acceptance factor in specific guard channels where new calls get access according to the acceptance factor. The analytical results prove better performances than the conventional new-call bounding scheme and fractional guard channel (FGC) policy.