Mohammad Ashfaq

Preparation of surfactant-mediated silver and copper nanoparticles dispersed in hierarchical carbon micro-nanofibers for antibacterial applications

The antibacterial potential of copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles dispersed in a phenolic resin precursor-based multi-scale web of carbon microfibers (ACFs) and nanofibers (CNFs) was assessed in this study. The multi-scale web of ACF/CNF was prepared by growing the CNFs on the ACF substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The Ag or Cu nanoparticles were used as the catalyst, and acetylene (C2H2) gas was used as the carbon source. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was used for the preparation of the Cu/Ag-ACF composites to prevent the agglomeration of Cu(II) and Ag(I) ions and achieve a uniform mono-dispersion during the impregnation step. The prepared composites with Cu and Ag dispersed in the ACF and ACF/CNF were characterized using several analytical techniques, including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal programming reduction (TPR). The antibacterial properties of the prepared multi-scale or hierarchical structures were evaluated against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results revealed that the prepared Ag-ACF/CNFs were highly effective against these bacteria, achieving a complete inhibition of bacterial growth for over 72 hours.

Copper/zinc bimetal nanoparticles-dispersed carbon nanofibers: A novel potential antibiotic material

Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) were asymmetrically distributed in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grown on an activated carbon fiber (ACF) substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CVD conditions were chosen such that the Cu NPs moved along with the CNFs during tip-growth, while the Zn NPs remained adhered at the ACF. The bimetal-ACF/CNF composite material was characterized by the metal NP release profiles, in-vitro hemolytic and antibacterial activities, and bacterial cellular disruption and adhesion assay. The synergetic effects of the bimetal NPs distributed in the ACFs/CNFs resulted from the relatively slower release of the Cu NPs located at the tip of the CNFs and faster release of the Zn NPs dispersed in the ACF. The Cu/Zn-grown ACFs/CNFs inhibited the growth of the Gram negative Escherichia coli, Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, and Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, with superior efficiency (instant and prolonged inhibition) than the Cu or Zn single metal-grown ACFs/CNFs. The prepared bimetal-carbon composite material in this study has potential to be used in different biomedical applications such as wound healing and antibiotic wound dressing.

Temperature dependent, shape variant synthesis of photoluminescent and biocompatible carbon nanostructures from almond husk for applications in dye removal

This work reports the synthesis of water soluble and photoluminescent carbon nanostructures (wsFCNS) from almond husk, a bio-waste. Effect of carbonization temperature on morphology of the synthesized carbon nanostructures is illustrated. Carbonization was carried out at three different temperatures ranging from 750 °C to 950 °C. Carbonization at higher temperature resulted in carbon nanodots having spherical morphology, while lower temperature resulted in rod shaped carbon nanostructures. Further, oxidative treatment of the as-synthesized carbon nanostructures imparts water solubility as well as photoluminescent properties over the visible to near infrared (NIR) regions of the electro-magnetic spectrum. The synthesized wsFCNS are non-toxic in nature and on direct interaction with erythrocytes, show less than 2% hemolysis. The synthesized wsFCNS were further explored for the adsorptive removal of p-nitrophenol (PNP), a model dye pollutant. The removal of PNP with wsFCNS follows pseudo first order adsorption kinetics. The proposed synthesis method could be easily scaled up for gram scale synthesis of various carbon nanostructures.

Highly effective Cu/Zn-carbon micro/nanofiber-polymer nanocomposite-based wound dressing biomaterial against the P. aeruginosa multi- and extensively drug-resistant strains

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most prevalent bacteria in the infections caused by burn, surgery, and traumatic injuries. Emergence of the P. aeruginosa bacterial resistance against various clinical drugs for wound treatment is the major concern nowadays. The present study describes the synthesis of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) polymeric composite film (~0.2mm thickness) reinforced with the Cu/Zn bimetal-dispersed activated carbon micro/nanofiber (ACF/CNF), as a wound dressing material. The focus is on determining the efficacy of the prepared biomaterial against the multi and extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the burning, surgical, and traumatic injury-wounds. The primary synthesis steps for the biomaterial include the mixing of a blend of CAP powder and the asymmetrically distributed Cu/Zn bimetals in ACF/CNF, into the polymerization reaction mixture of PVA. Biochemical tests showed that the prepared composite material significantly enhanced the in-vitro blood clotting rate, platelet aggregation, and macrophage cell proliferation, indicating the suitability of the material as a fast wound healer. The antibacterial tests performed against the P. aeruginosa strains showed that the material effectively suppressed the bacterial growth, with the bimetal nanoparticles dispersed in the material serving as an antibacterial agent. The PVA/CAP polymer composite served as an encapsulating agent providing a slow release of the nanoparticles, besides increasing the hemostatic properties of the biomaterial. The ACF/CNF served as a support to the dispersed bimetal nanoparticles, which also provided a mechanical and thermal stability to the material. Experimentally demonstrated to be biocompatible, the prepared metal-carbon-polymer nanocomposite in this study is an effective dressing material for the P. aeruginosa-infected wounds.

Carbon nanofibers as a micronutrient carrier in plants: efficient translocation and controlled release of Cu nanoparticles

An aqueous colloidal dispersion (∼230 nm average size) of the copper (Cu) nanoparticle (NP)-grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was used as a stimulant for crop yields. The Cu-CNFs (average diameter = 95 nm), separately prepared on an activated carbon microfiber substrate using chemical vapor deposition, were dispersed in Cicer arietinum seed-containing water. The CNFs served as a carrier for the Cu micronutrient, with a controlled release of the Cu NPs. The CNFs also served as a growth stimulant by increasing the water uptake capacity of the plants. The scanning electron microscopy images, elemental (Cu/C) mapping, and atomic absorption spectrometry data corroborated the effective translocation of the Cu-CNFs from the root to the shoot of the plants. The water uptake capacity, germination rate, shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll and protein contents significantly increased in the plants using the Cu-CNFs. This is the first study showing the use of the Cu-CNFs as a carrier of micronutrients in plants, with an effective translocation ability.