Mohammad Hayat

The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of The world

Abstract A key is given to the world genera of the chalcidoid family Aphelinidae. Forty‐four genera are accepted as valid, including three described as new, Encarsiella (type‐species E.noyesi sp.n.), Hirtaphelinus (type‐species H.smetanai sp.n.) and Samariola (type‐species S.camerounensis sp.n.). The key is followed by a synopsis of the world genera, which includes: (1) citations of valid genera and their synonyms in chronological order; (2) total or approximate number of described species; (3) distribution in the six zoogeographical regions; (4) references mainly to major works and revisions; and (5) comments, especially on the new synonymies introduced in the present paper. The following new synonymies are proposed (the senior synonyms (valid names) are noted in parentheses): Aleurodiphilus DeBach & Rose (Encarsia Foerster); Aneristus Howard, Ataneostigma Girault, Heptacritus De Santis (Coccophagus Westwood); Artas Howard (Pteroptrix Westwood); Plastocharella Girault, Turmidiscapus Girault (Centrodora Foerster); Encyrtophyscus Blanchard, Physculus Jasnosh, Physcus Howard (Coccobius Ratzeburg); Mesidia Foerster (Aphelinus Dalman); Paranthemus Girault (Cales Howard); Primaprospaltella DeBach & LaSalle (Coccophagoides Girault). The following genera are regarded as of doubtful position: Mesopirene Girault, Neocales Risbec, Paulianaphelinus Risbec and Verekia Risbec.

Taxonomic notes on Indian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) - VI

The following new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Parechthrodryinus Girault (Tyndarichus Howard); Tropidophryne Compere, Neoplatycerus Subba Rao, Avernes Noyes and Woolley, Assamencyrtus Singh (Zaplatycerus Timberlake); Anagyrus clavatus Sushil and Khan (A. sabas Noyes and Hayat); Anagyrus hayati Sushil and Khan, A. mohani Sushil and Khan (A. kamali Moursi); Caenohomalopoda longiscapus Gupta and Poorani (Homalopoda cristata Howard); Encyrtus jaipurensis Khan and Agnihotri (E. albidus Hayat); Eotopus orientalis Sushil and Khan (Paraclausenia herbicola Hayat); Ooencyrtus farooquii Sushil and Khan (O. lucina Huang and Noyes); O. pantnagarensis Sushil and Khan (O. utetheisae (Risbec)); Protyndarichoides punctatifrons Sushil and Khan (Lamennaisia indica (Agarwal)); and Thomsonisca mangiferae Sushil and Khan (T. indica Hayat). The generic synonymies resulted in the proposal of the following 18 new combinations: Tyndarichus coccidiphagus (Mercet) from Protyndarichus; T. combretae (Risbec) from Paralitomastix; T. convexus (Girault) from Parechthrodryinus; T. excelsus (Hayat) from Parechthrodryinus; T. keralensis (Hayat) from Parechthrodryinus; T. orarius (Annecke and Mynhardt) from Protyndarichus; T. paralourgos (Springate and Noyes) from Parechthrodryinus; T. prolatus (Prinsloo and Annecke) from Protyndarichus; T. sparnus (Annecke and Mynhardt) from Protyndarichus; Zaplatycerus africanus (Compere) from Tropidophryne; Z. comperei (Prinsloo and Annecke) from Tropidophryne; Z. gela (Noyes and Woolley) from Avernes; Z. jorhatensis (Singh) from Assamencyrtus; Z. kemticus (Trjapitzin and Triapitsyn) from Neoplatycerus; Z. melvellei (Compere) from Tropidophryne; Z. natalensis (Compere) from Tropidophryne; Z. palestinensis (Rivnay) from Tropidophryne; and Z. tachikawai (Subba Rao) from Neoplatycerus. As the presumed holotypes of Ooencyrtus phymatidivorus Sushil and Khan and Psyllaephagus solanensis Sushil and Khan were incomplete specimens, their validity or otherwise could not be determined. Also brief notes are given on the identity of Cowperia indica (Kerrich) and that of the specimen recorded under this name by Hayat et al. (1975).

A revision of the species of Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae) from India and the adjacent countries.

The species of the aphelinid genus Encarsia, from India and the adjacent countries are revised. Seventeen species and one subspecies are described as new, and redescriptions or notes, and illustrations are provided for a majority of the known species occurring in the area. Five specific names are placed in synonymy. A total of fifty-one species are recognized from the area. A key for the identification of sixty-two Oriental species, based on females, is given. The systematic position of the genus in the higher classification of the family is briefly discussed, and tentative species-groups are outlined.

A revision of the genera Dirphys Howard and Encarsiella Hayat (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Abstract. Dirphys and Encarsiella are revised for the world, and include four and six species respectively. Three Dirphys and two Encarsiella species are described as new. Generic diagnoses and keys to world species of Dirphys and Encarsiella are provided, and their biology is reviewed. These genera are related to the large and economically very important genera Coccophagus and Encarsia, which between them contain about 400 currently valid species. Encarsiella was recently synonymized with Dirphys, and both have previously been confused with Coccophagus and Encarsia, adding to the difficulty surrounding the taxonomy of the latter genera. Computerized character analysis based on parsimony supports the reinstatement of Encarsiella as a valid genus and shows relationships between Dirphys, Encarsia and Encarsiella.

A revision of the Indian species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae)

Abstract The Indian species of Gonatocerus Nees are revised. Thirty-nine valid species are recognized from India, including eleven species described as new in this paper. The Indian species are referred to three already known species-groups (ater-, sulphuripes-, litoralis-gioxips), and a new species-group (asulcifrons-group) proposed here for two Indian species. Separate keys to the species-groups and to species of three groups are given. The present study led to the proposal of 13 specific synonymies. Also five species are recorded from India for the first time, one species (kodaianus) described in Ooctonus Haliday is transferred to Gonatocerus as a new combination, and one species, G. longicrus Kieffer, is regarded as insertae sedis.

The species of Elasmus from India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae)

Abstract The Indian species of Elasmus Westwood are treated. At present 47 species [4 species based on males] are recognized from India, although this number is likely to be reduced when the types of some species are studied. Twelve species are described as new, and four species are recorded for the first time from India. All the known Indian species are listed, and where types or material determined by us was available, these species are rede-scribed. A key to the Indian species based on females is given.

Notes on some genera of the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with comments on the classification of the family

Abstract The current systems of classification of the Aphelinidae are reviewed and a synopsis of these systems is given in Appendix 2. The present status of Eriaporinae is considered an unresolved problem. The subfamily Eriaphytinae is considered a valid taxon, although its relationships with other aphelinids remain unresolved. The genus Samariola Hayat is revalidated. The following genera are considered as synonyms (newly proposed synonyms are indicated by ‘syn. nov.’ and valid names are noted in parentheses following the invalid names of the genera): Myocnemella Girault, syn. nov., Azotus Howard (Ablerus Howard); Syediella Shafee (Aphytis Howard); Euxanthellus Silvestri, syn. nov. (Coccophagus Westwood); Paramyiocnema Girault, syn. nov. (Euryischomyia Girault); Neocasca Girault, Pteroptrixella Girault, Metacasca Girault, Dahmsiella Hayat, all syn. nov. (Bardylis Howard). A list of valid genera of the Aphelinidae with their synonyms is given in Appendix 1.

Dirphys boswelli (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) an egg-parasitoid of Plataspidae (Heteroptera)

Dirphys boswelli (Girault) is redescribed, and its generic placement discussed. The species, described originally from Australia, is further recorded from Asia and Africa. The male is described for the first time and the host-range is discussed. Dirphys filius (Girault) is synonymised with D. boswelli.

Taxonomic notes on some oriental Aphelinidae with some new records (Hym. : Chalcidoidea)

Abstract The paper deals with some Oriental species of Aphellnidae. Types of six species were examined: Encarsia aontdiae Howard, Encarsia planchonlae Howard, Prospaltella luhorensis Howard, Aspldiotiphagus aleyrodis Ashmead, Proaphelinoldes elongatiformis Girault, and Tumidiscapus oophagus Girault. Determined material of Abler us pulchrtceps Zehntner, Encarsia flavoscutellum Zehnt. and Prospalta tristis Zehnt. was also examined. The change and synonyms proposed are : Proaphelinoides a valid genus (Bestiola Nikolskaja, syn. nov.); Cenlrodora oophaga (Girault), comb. nov. from Tumidiscapus; Encarsia lutea (Masi) (Prospaltella Indica Shafee, syn. nov.); Encarsia tristis (Zehnt.) (Encarsia neomaskelliae Prasad and Prospaltella breviclavata Shafee, syn. nov.) and [Proaphelinoides mirus (Nikolskaja), comb. nov. from Best tola. Encarsia inaron (Walker), E. Lutea (Masi) and Marietta picta (Andre) arc new records from India. Additional records and notes are provided on the following species : Aplielinus asychis...

A review of the Indian species of Metaphycus (Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae)

Abstract The Indian species of the encyrtid genus Metaphycus Mercet are reviewed with comments on its higher classification. Two species are placed in synonymy. Each species is briefly diagnosed, and the known information on hosts and distribution is given. A key for the identification of the 12 Indian species out of the 13 recognized in this work is provided.