Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan

Recent developments in applications of MRI techniques for foods and agricultural produce—an overview

For the detection of defects, evaluation of internal quality and analysis of internal structures in food and biological materials, there is a number of image acquisition techniques available so far. Among them, MRI has the advantage of allowing a variety of measurements to be made that not only contribute to the evaluation of maturity and quality parameters in fruits and vegetables and other food materials but also improve the understanding of underlying physiological processes. So, the ability of MRI to function in a completely non-destructive and to encode molecular dynamics through different contrast mechanism has encouraged developments of many applications in various fields. An overview of MRI as non-destructive detection in quality of food and agricultural produce and its application in postharvest sorting and processing have been presented in this paper. This paper elaborated principle of MRI, function of its components, quality detection methods, and discussed recent research and applications. Since, no paper yet published on MRI, covered so wide applications as included in this work, its importance being increased more.

Evaluation of transport parameters for PVC based polyvinyl alcohol Ce(IV) phosphate composite membrane.

The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation of novel membrane and the characterization of their properties. A new class of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based polyvinyl alcohol Ce(IV) phosphate composite membrane was successfully prepared by solution casting method. The structural formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and morphological studies. The thermal property was investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) method. The order of surface charge density for various electrolytes was found to be LiCl

Preparation, characterization, biological activity, and transport study of polystyrene based calcium–barium phosphate composite membrane

Calcium-barium phosphate (CBP) composite membrane with 25% polystyrene was prepared by co-precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the membrane. The membrane was found to be crystalline in nature with consistent arrangement of particles and no indication of visible cracks. The electrical potentials measured across the composite membrane in contact with univalent electrolytes (KCl, NaCl and LiCl), have been found to increase with decrease in concentrations. Thus the membrane was found to be cation-selective. Transport properties of developed membranes may be utilized for the efficient desalination of saline water and more importantly demineralization process. The antibacterial study of this composite membrane shows good results for killing the disease causing bacteria along with waste water treatment.

Color Kinetics of Capsicum During Microwave Assisted Fluidized Bed Drying

Color Kinetics of Capsicum During Microwave Assisted Fluidized Bed Drying From last few decades, many advances in hybrid drying technologies have been emerged with the objective to minimize the degradation of various quality attributes of agricultural produce, shorting time and saving energy during drying. This experiments involves to study the effect of microwave powers on change in color kinetics of capsicum(Capsicum annuum, L.) during drying by microwave assisted fluidized bed dryer. Capsicum samples of average thickness of 6.35 mm and length of 20.25 mm were used in the drying experiments.The drying were carried out at different combinations, selected by RSM design, of microwave output powers such as 180 W, 360 W,and 540 W) and different inlet air velocities and temperatures.

Electrochemical and transport properties of polystyrene - and polyvinyl chloride-based pyridine Th(IV) phosphate composite ion-exchange membranes: a comparative study

AbstractThe polystyrene (PS)- and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based pyridine Th(IV) phosphate (PTP) composite membranes were fabricated successfully and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The ion-exchange membranes prepared by using 25% of organic polymers i.e. polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride and 75% of pyridine Th(IV) phosphate were possessed good water uptake, good mechanical, chemical and thermal stabilities, ion-exchange capacity and better permselectivity. The electrochemical properties such as transport number, mobility ratio, charge effectiveness and surface charge density of the composite membranes were also determined. The results of transport properties revealed that the developed composite ion-exchange membranes can be employed for the efficient desalination of saline water and electrodialysis process.

Pellet Biochar: An Environmental Remedy

With recent impetus on building of smart cities, modern urban settlements and expansion of established settlements, solid waste management, sufficient energy supply, water pollution and water borne diseases have become an inseparable trouble. The need of the hour, thus, is an efficient and rapid remedy to these issues which is not only feasible but economically viable as well. Present study concentrates on how horticultural and commercial organic waste can be converted to pellets and after further processing can be utilised to combat water pollution and production of energy. Pellets are condensed product of above mentioned waste which is capable of utilizing these waste that is generated each day in tons. Pellets can be utilized directly as an alternate mode of fuel in certain areas. Analysis of pellets makes it clear that it’s a cleaner and greener substitute to coal. Pellets after combustion gives rise to biochar which finds wide application in water purification and hence is considered as a remedy to water pollution. Pellet biochar possesses certain specific architecture and molecular composition which varies with temperature, residual time, feedstock type and heat transfer rate. On gasification of pellets, syngas is produced which can be used for running engines as well as generating electricity.

Mathematical modelling of cobalt based composite membrane using TMS method; confirming its efficiency and selectivity

This viewpoint describes the concept of incorporating polymer into inorganic matrix to form composite material. The coupling of both the materials enhanced the electrotransport properties and hence more efficient and highly selective membrane is formed. This approach was demonstrated by introducing 25% PVC into cobalt arsenate matrix which resulted in higher chemical, mechanical and thermal stabilities confirmed by different characterization techniques such as XRD, TG/DTA, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDS. Electrotransport properties have been evaluated and compared with a mathematical model called as TMS model which clearly indicates the good agreement between calculated and theoretical values of membrane potential. Also, fixed charge density, charge effectiveness and transport number were being calculated from the model. All the parameters found to show dependence on electrolyte concentration and applied pressure during the fabrication of membrane. Membrane potential, transport number and mobility ratio of different univalent electrolytes followed the trend as LiCl> NaCl> KCl which is in accordance with the size of cations. Fixed charge density gave the opposite trend. Membrane showed positive values of membrane potential that confirms the cation selective nature of the membrane. Thus results revealed that the synthesized membrane is a promising candidate for use in practical applications.

Preparation, Structural and Electrochemical Properties of PVC Based Magnesium Molybdate Ion-Exchange Composite Membrane for Desalination of Food Industry Waste Water

The inorganic-organic hybrid composite membranes have played a rocking role for separation, concentration, purification and clarification of food industry wastewater. The separation of wastewater produced from post-treatment part of food industry processing using PVC based magnesium molybdate (MM) composite membrane was studied in this paper. The physicochemical and electrochemical studies of composite membrane shows better results from previously reported membranes. In this study, the transport number, mobility ratio and surface charge density of composite membrane play a dominant role for understanding the membrane mechanism and these parameters depend on the concentration of various univalent electrolytes.

Evaluation of Electrochemical Properties, Study of Chemical and Mechanical Stability Supported with Ionic Transport and Surface Charge Density Mechanism of PVC Based Cobalt Tungstate Cation Exchange Membrane

The chemical and mechanical stability of membrane play a important role for understanding the mechanism and applications of cobalt tungstate cation exchange membrane. The PVC based cobalt tungstate (CT) membrane has been prepared by different methods like sol-gel, die-casting and others material processing techniques. It has been prepared through the mixing of PVC with cobalt tungstate into a definite ratio (1:3) that shows good mechanical stability. Moreover, the paper is concerned with physico-chemical and electro-chemical characterization of membrane, namely fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical studies. The results of characterization and electrochemical studies offered the potential industrial applications of membrane in different areas.

Ultrasound assisted extraction technique: Study of the biological properties of Allium stracheyi Baker

An optimized Ultrasound Assisted extraction method for the extraction of Allium stracheyi Baker extract has been developed using polar (methanol) and non-polar (n-hexane) solvent at different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%). The Bonferroni post hoc test revealed the presence of highest Total Phenolic Concentration (TPC), Total Flavonoid concentration (TFC) and DPPH per cent radical scavenging when using 25 per cent methanol at 50°C for 60 minutes. The temperature had significant effect on antioxidant activity (p 0.05) whereas time showed significant effect for all (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity had positive correlation with the TPC and TFC content. The antibacterial data illustrated inhibition zones (mm) against E. coli for both hexane (100%) and methanol (100%) solvents. No inhibition zones were found against B. subtilis at the same solvent concentration. Temperature and time had no significant effect on % inhibition against the bacteria. No antibacterial activity was found against both the bacterial strains at 75 per cent, 50 per cent, 25 per cent hexane and methanol solvents. Hexane extracts showed larger inhibition zones than methanolic extracts.