Mohammad Narimani

The Role of Family Expressed Emotion and Perceived Social Support in Predicting Addiction Relapse

Background: Emotional conditions governing the family and patients’ perceived social support play important roles in the treatment or relapse process of the chronic disease. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the role of family expressed emotion and perceived social support in prediction of addiction relapse. Patients and Methods: The descriptive-correlation method was used in the current study. The study population consisted of the individuals referred to the addiction treatment centers in Ardabil from October 2013 to January 2014. The subjects (n = 80) were randomly selected using cluster sampling method. To collect data, expressed emotion test by Cole and Kazaryan, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used, and the obtained data was analyzed using the Pearsons correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Results: Results showed a positive relationship between family expressed emotions and the frequency of relapse (r = 0.26, P = 0.011) and a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and the frequency of relapse (r = -0.34, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis also showed that perceived social support from family and the family expressed emotions significantly explained 12% of the total variance of relapse frequency. Conclusions: These results have implications for addicted people, their families and professionals working in addiction centers to use the emotional potential of families especially their expressed emotions and the perceived social support of addicts to increase the success rate of addiction treatment.

Body dysmorphic traits and personality disorder patterns in rhinoplasty seekers

The purpose of the study was to examine symptoms of body dysmorphic concerns, mental health indices and certain specific personality disorder patterns in seekers of cosmetic rhinoplasty. A sample of 100 consecutive female patients scheduled for esthetic rhinoplasty was recruited for the study. Findings reveal body dysmorphic concerns in 22% of the sample, though individual traits are observed in 5-85% of the sample. Appearance evaluation, but not preoccupation with appearance, correlates with anxiety and depression. Furthermore, dissatisfaction with appearance and body parts decrease, while preoccupation with appearance increases after the surgical intervention. Positive appearance evaluations are associated with histrionic and narcissistic traits, while dissatisfaction with body parts correlates positively with obsessive-compulsive traits. Overall, results imply that body dysmorphic concerns are better conceived of either as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder or as morbid manifestations of inflexible perfectionistic tendencies seen in obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.

The Effect of Beck's Cognitive Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Sociotropic and Autonomous Personality Styles in Patients With Depression

Background: Depression is characterized by a great risk of relapse and recurrence. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive therapy are efficacious psychosocial interventions for recurrent depression. Objectives: The aim of the present research was to compare the effect of Beck’s cognitive therapy (BCT) and MBCT on reduction of depression and sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in Iranian depressed patients. Patients and Methods: The study sample consisted of 30 subjects randomly selected from patients with depression in Mashhad city, Iran. The subjects were assigned randomly to experimental groups. The 2 techniques used for treatment were BCT and MBCT. The data collection instruments used in the research consisted of psychological interview, the Beck Depression Inventory II and the revised Personal Style Inventory (RPSI). The research data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: BCT and MBCT were effective in reducing depression, but BCT and MBCT did not cause any change in the sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in patients with depression. Conclusions: The results provide support for the role of BCT and MBCT plays in reducing depression. However, the results did not approve their role in changing sociotropic and autonomous personality styles in patients with depression.

Effects of Neurofeedback on Cognitive Function of Headache Patient

Headache is sever type of pain which can be treated in different ways. Recent studies have demonstrated that neurofeedback is a good option for treatment of headaches. The main aim of present research was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback on Memory of headache patients. To do so, a sample of 30 subjects was selected for experimental and control groups by a accessible sampling procedure. Subjects were assessed with the Stroop test and the Wechsler Memory Scale in two stages (pretest and posttest). The obtained data were analyzed through covariance analysis method. After 30 sessions of neurofeedback training, considerable improvement in executive function and general memory of the experimental group was observed. Also the two groups (experimental and placebo) presented significant differences in the executive function and memory. According to the researcher’s view, headache patients are able to control their brainwaves with participating in neurofeedback training sessions, so their total memory and executive function would be increased

راهبردهاي كنترل فكر و بازداري پاسخ در افراد مبتلا به اختلال استرس حاد و افراد بهنجار

Introduction: Acute stress disorder is characterized by dissociative, re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper arousal symptoms. The purpose of the present research was to compare thought control strategies and response inhibition of patients with acute stress disorder. Methods: This research is a case-control study. The research sample consisted of 40 patients with acute stress disorder and 40 normal persons which were selected through convenience sampling. To collect the data, Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Stroop Test, Thought Control Questionnaire and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used. Results: The MANOVA results showed that thought control strategies and response inhibition in patients with acute stress disorder is significantly greater than those in normal persons. The results of multiple regressions showed thought control strategies and response inhibition could account for 75% of variance in symptoms of acute stress disorder. Conclusion: The findings suggested that patients with acute stress disorder have inefficient control strategies and more response inhibition. Also, the findings had important implications for the prevention, psychopathology and therapy of patients with acute stress disorder.