Mohammad S. AL-Harbi

Effect of vitamin E and selenium separately and in combination on biochemical, immunological and histological changes induced by sodium azide in male mice

Sodium azide (SA) is used as an active ingredient to control a broad spectrum of soil borne pathogens including insects, weeds, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ameliorator property of vitamin E (Vit E) or/and selenium (Se) against SA-induced injury in male mice at the biochemical, immunological and histological levels. The mice were divided into nine groups (10/group). The first three groups were served as control, Vit E and Se while, the second three groups were treated with three different doses of SA. The last three groups were treated with high dose of SA with Vit E or Se or Vit E and Se and all animals were treated for a period of 30 days. Exposure to SA at the three doses to mice led to an alternation of liver and kidney functions, decrease the testosterone concentration, decreased IgG and IgM levels as well as the increasing the TNF-α. The effects of SA on the biochemical parameters of mice were dose-dependent. Administration of Se or/and Vit E to SA-treated mice attenuates the toxicity of this compound, objectified by biochemical and histological improvement of liver, kidney and testis. But, the alleviation is more pronounced with the both antioxidants. Thus, the synergistic effect of Se and Vit E is most powerful in reducing the toxicity induced by SA and improving the humoral immune response of mice.

Glutamyl cysteine dipeptide suppresses ferritin expression and alleviates liver injury in iron-overload rat model

Despite its biological importance, iron is a pro-oxidant element and its accumulation results in tissue injury. Iron overload diseases such as thalassemia and hereditary hemochromatosis are commonly associated with liver tissue injury. Glutamyl cysteine (GC) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties owing to its cysteine residue. The aim of the current work was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of GC against iron overload-induced liver injury. Rats were distributed into five groups; normal control, GC control, iron-treated (150 mg/kg ip injection) and both iron and GC-treated (total iron: 150 mg/kg ip and GC: 50 mg or 100 mg/kg/day ip for 30 days). Our results showed that treatment with GC at the two-dose levels attenuated iron-induced liver tissue injury as evidenced by significant reduction in serum activity of liver enzymes ALT and AST, amelioration of iron-induced histopathological alteration, suppression of iron-induced oxidative stress as demonstrated by significant reduction of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content beside elevation of total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD in liver tissue. In addition, GC significantly reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β and activity of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 in liver tissues. To our surprise, GC reduced liver iron content and ferritin expression, denoting the possible iron chelation competency. Collectively our results highlight evidence for the hepatoprotective effect of GC against iron overload-induced liver injury that is potentially mediated through suppression of oxidative tissue injury, attenuation of inflammatory response, amelioration of hepatocellular apoptosis and possibly through iron chelation.

Monosodium glutamate induced testicular toxicity and the possible ameliorative role of vitamin E or selenium in male rats

Highlights • Monosodium glutamate induced testicular damage due to oxidative stress.• Using of selenium and/or vitamin E to alleviate the toxicity of monosodium glutamate especially on testis.• Increasing of MDA levels in MSG treated group while reduction in SOD, CAT and GPx activities.

Protective Role of Some Antioxidants on Arsenic Toxicity in Male Mice: Physiological and Histopathological Perspectives

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of some natural and artificial antioxidants on the hepato-renal injuries induced by arsenic toxicity. Sixty adult male albino mice weighing 30-40 g were subjected to a sub-lethal dose of sodium arsenate (40 mg/kg body weight) to investigate hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations resulting from arsenic-induced hepato-renal toxicity. Arsenic-exposed mice were also co-treated with different antioxidants including green tea, garlic and vitamin C to reveal their potential protective role. The antioxidants induced normalization of all blood parameters that showed significant declines by arsenic toxicity. ALT and AST activities were significantly increased in sodium arsenate treated group compared to all other groups. The enzymatic activities did not acquire insignificant differences in antioxidants-treated groups compared to the control mice. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased in arsenate treated mice and become normal in mice co-treated with different antioxidants. Histolopatholgical findings in liver sections from arsenate treated mice were represented by venous congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, mononuclear cell infiltration and periportal fibrosis. Simultaneously, renal sections from mice in the same groups revealed interstitial hemorrhages and mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerulonephritis and proximal tubular necrosis. The hepatic and renal histopathological alterations were greatly reduced particularly in groups received combined antioxidants treatment. In conclusion, the antioxidants used in this study exhibited potential protective capacity for the hepato-renal induced arsenic toxicity in male mice.

Sodium fluoride induced antioxidant defense impairment and impaired renal biomarkers and the ameliorative role of selenium and curcumin in male mice

Abstract Objective To evaluate the sodium fluoride (NaF) intoxicated kidney function parameters and also assess the ameliorating effects of selenium and curcumin extract. Methods Mature male mice (weighing 35–45 g) were given intraperitoneally NaF (10.3 mg/kg) and/or selenium (0.5 mg/kg)+curcumin extract (60 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Results In our study, NaF exposure resulted in an increase in the urea, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein levels with respect to the control. As a result, NaF induced antioxidant defense system impairment and renal impairment which was reduced by curcumin extract and/or selenium to great extent by the entire restoration of the histological structures. Conclusions Our study showed that selenium and curcumin extract treatment alleviated NaF intoxication-induced oxidative damage of mice.

Ameliorative effect of vitamin E and selenium against oxidative stress induced by sodium azide in liver, kidney, testis and heart of male mice

The study purported to define the effects of daily administration of vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) on antioxidant enzyme activity in mice treated with high doses of sodium azide (SA). Male mice were randomly split into nine groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were injected daily with saline, Vit E, and Se, respectively, while groups 4, 5 and 6 administrated with different doses of SA (low, medium and high, respectively). The mice in groups 7, 8 and 9 received 100mg/kg Vit E, 17.5mg/kg Se, and a combination of Vit E and Se, respectively before the SA-treatment. Hepatic, renal, testis and heart, antioxidant enzymes as well as levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity levels were determined. Vit E alone affected on the antioxidant parameters of the examined tissues. Se had a preventive effect on the decrease of antioxidant parameters caused by SA and improved the diminished activities of all of them. The study demonstrates that a high dose of SA may alter the effects of normal level antioxidant/oxidative status of male mice and that Se is effective in reducing the SA-damage. Se acts as a synergistic agent with the effect of Vit E in various damaged caused by SA.

The beneficial effects of ascorbic acid during chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in Oreochromis spilurus

This study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress and histopathological changes of chlorpyrifos (CPF; Dursban 48) on sub-adult Oreochromis spilurus as well as the protective role of vitamin C supplementation. The fish were divided into four groups (10 fish/each). The feeding rate was 3% of body weight for fish of each aquarium and the diets were given twice daily for 14 days as follows; aquarium I: free basal diet (untreated group), aquarium II: basal diet with 100 mg/kg of Vit C, aquarium III: basal diet with 1/4 LC50-96 hr of CPF and aquarium IV: basal diet with pesticide as in group III and Vit C. The biochemical changes induced by CPF stress is due to disturbed metabolism manifested as inhibition of enzymes, total proteins, total lipid, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. The biochemical alternation was associated with histopathological changes in liver, kidney and muscles tissues. The calculated 96-hr LC50 value of CPF to sub-adults tilapia, O. spilurus was 6.48 μM. The lipid peroxidation levels in CPF and Vit C group were decreased by 0.68-, 0.59- and 0.53-fold in liver, kidney and muscle tissues as compared to CPF group, respectively. Vit C treatment for CPF-intoxicated fish raised the activity of superoxide dismutase by 1.24-, 1.44- and 1.07-fold for liver, kidney and muscles as compared to CPF group, respectively. The supplementation of Vit C in the food with CPF treated-fish had improved the oxidative/antioxidant status and the histological architecture of the fish.

Is the chronic use of Ferula harmonis to enhance mice erectile function effective and safe? A histopathological study

Abstract Many studies are aimed towards a solution for erectile dysfunction which is a worldwide health problem. Medicinal and natural herbal medications have been prescribed but their long-term effects are not well known. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the chronic administration of F. hermonis root extract on the structure of the male mice reproductive organs and their fertility and to study the possible protective role of vitamin C. Sixty male albino mice were divided into 3 groups: the control, the experimental group that received F. hermonis root extract orally (6 mg/kg) for six weeks, and the treated group that received F. hermonis plus vitamin C for six weeks. Serum testosterone level and mice fertility were assessed. At the end of the experiment mice were sacrificed; testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle were dissected and processed for routine histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The chronic administration of F. hermonis extract significantly decreased the level of testosterone and partially impaired fertility. Histopathological degenerative changes and a significant reduction in estrogen receptor (ER)β expression were observed in testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle. Vitamin C administration did not completely protect the testis from these harmful effects. Although F. hermonis roots are recommended to improve erectile and fertility problems, it should be used for short periods and with extreme caution. Further clinical studies to assess safety and efficacy are needed.

Silymarin and Nigella sativa extract ameliorate paracetamol induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in male mice

Abstract Objective To evaluate the ameliorative role of silymarin or/and Nigella sativa ( N. sativa ) water extract against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced renal function deterioration in male mice at the biochemical levels. Methods The mice were divided into seven groups (10/group). The first group was served as control. The second group was treated with dose of APAP. The third and fourth groups were treated with silymarin alone and N. sativa water extract alone, respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were treated with combination of APAP with silymarin and APAP with N. sativa water extract, respectively. The seventh group was treated with a combination of both ameliorative compounds (silymarin and N. sativa water extract) with APAP and all animals were treated for a period of 30 days. Results Exposure to APAP at the treated dose for mice led to an alteration of kidney function parameters, increase in the level of serum urea and creatinine. Also, paracetamol administration induced oxidative stress in kidney homogenates by increasing malondialdhyde level and decreasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and this stress was ameliorated by administration of either silymarin or N. sativa water extract. Conclusions Administration of silymarin or/and N. sativa water extract to APAP-treated mice alleviate the toxicity of APAP, and this appeared clearly by biochemical improvement of kidney function parameters and antioxidant parameters. But, the alleviation is more pronounced with the both antioxidants. Thus, the pronounce effect of silymarin and N. sativa water extract is most effective in reducing the toxicity induced by APAP and improving the kidney function parameters and antioxidant status of kidney of male mice.

Ameliorative Effect of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants on Arsenic Toxicity in Male Mice: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of some natural and artificial antioxidants on the hepato-renal injuries induced by arsenic toxicity. Sixty adult male albino mice weighing 30-40 g were subjected to a sub-lethal dose of sodium arsenate (40 mg/kg body weight) to investigate hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations resulting from arsenic-induced hepato-renal toxicity. Arsenic-exposed mice were also co-treated with different antioxidants including green tea, garlic and vitamin C to reveal their potential protective role. The antioxidants induced normalization of all blood parameters that showed significant declines by arsenic toxicity. ALT and AST activities were significantly increased in sodium arsenate treated group compared to all other groups. These enzymes did not acquire insignificant differences in antioxidants-treated groups compared to the control mice. Creatinine and urea were significantly increased in arsenate treated mice and become normal in mice co-treated with different antioxidants. Liver sections of arsenate treated mice showed venous congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, mononuclear cell infiltration and periportal fibrosis. Renal sections in the same groups revealed interstitial hemorrhages, mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerulonephritis and proximal tubular necrosis. Hepato-renal histopathology was greatly reduced, particularly, in groups received Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 13 July 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0235.v1