Mohammed Haggag

Framework for Multi-Weather Hazard Early Warning System in Myanmar

Mohammed HAG GAG

Environmental Simulator Application to the Analysis of the Tropical Cyclone Gonu in 2007

47 Asia Environment Simulator CAES) is a coupled system of computer simulation for meteorology, physical oceanography, land surface, vegetation, hydrology, coastal dynamics, and urban environment. The atmosphere, land surface, and hydrology models of AES have been applied to the analysis of the cyclone Gonu that had a landfall in Oman in June 2007. Gonu considered the strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the northern Indian Ocean, and the first fifth-category cyclone to enter the Arabian Sea. AES is applied to study the hydroclimatological features followed the landfall of the Cyclone Gonu in Oman. The significant discrepancy between the rainfall records at the ground rainfall gauges in Oman and the remote sensing estimates is clarified by using AES in simulating the cyclone Gonu hydroclimatological characteristics. Direct and indirect assessment methods show that the cumulative simulated rainfall depth is relevant to those estimated by satellites, whereas there is a considerable difference with the records at the ground rain gauges. By performing hydrological simulation of Wadi Hayafdh in Oman, it is found that the computed peak discharge and the runoff volume based on the ground rain gauges records are significantly higher than the corresponding observed peak discharge and runoff volume at the watershed outlet. Whereas, the computed peak discharge and the runoff volume based on computed rainfall depth are representing the observed values with high accuracy. Results from AES recommend instant assessment and evaluation of the ground rain gauges network such that it can be used safely in various future developing projects in the Omani area.

Atmosphere, Land Surface, Hydrology, Ocean Wave, and Ocean Current Model (ALHOM) in Asia Environmental Simulator

An atmosphere, ocean waves, and ocean current coupled model system is extended to include the atmosphere land surface interactions and to connect the water heat and material circulation between the ocean and terrestrial circulation systems. The models used in this system are the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model (MM5), multi-layer land surface model (SOLVEG2), hydrological simulation program FORTRAN (HSPF), the third-generation ocean wave model of NOAA (WAVE WATCH III), and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The modeling system is divided into two main wings; the atmosphere-ocean wing, and the atmosphere-land surface wing. Both wings are combined to give a coupled atmosphere, land surface, hydrology, ocean wave, and ocean current model (ALHOM) that is capable to simulate the hydrological cycle on a regional scale. The coupled modeling system is a main part of currently running research project Asia Environmental Simulator (AES). Within AES the coupled modeling system will be applied for simulating water circulation and CO2 budgets in Kapuas river basin in Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, and for water circulation and water quality in Haji dam watershed in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan.

Simulation of the North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones Using the Regional Environment Simulator: Application to Cyclone Nargis in 2008

Countries facing the North Indian Ocean (NIO) are threatened by the storm surges associated with tropical cyclonic storms. Several studies have been performed for the storm surge simulation in the NIO. Examples of studies confined to the Bay of Bengal are those performed by Das (1972), John and Ali (1980), and of studies confined to the Arabian Sea Dube et al. (2004) developed a location-specific vertically integrated shallow water model that covers the northern part of the Bay of Bengal with a horizontal grid resolution of 3 km to study the storm surge of cyclones in 1974, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, and 1999. Dube et al. (2004) used an idealized wind stress forcing that had been computed by the empirical formula given by Jelesnianski (1972). Developed a location-specific storm surge model for the coastal regions of Myanmar to carry out simulations for the 1975-Pathein, 1982-Gwa, 1992-Sandoway, and 1994-Sittewe cyclones. The model had horizontal grid resolution of 9 km and the idealized wind stress forcing computed by the wind model. Kim et al. (2008) developed a wind-wave-surge coupled process-based model for simulating the storm surge. The model consists of a meso-scale atmospheric model, a third-generation wave model and an ocean circulation model. Kim et al. (2008) introduced an additional sea-surface shear stress by wave dissipation into the current model considering energy transfer from winds to currents through whitecapping breaking.