Mohammed K. Al Mesfer

Green examination: integration of technology for sustainability

The recent development of infrastructure all around the world has resulted in an increasing trend of online examination in universities. The paper is an approach in theory and practical aimed at analyzing the feasibility of sustainable examination in four universities and its environmental impact reducing the paper use terming it as green examination. The paper studied the integration of sustainability through the use of computers and technology in the examination of the universities viz. King Khalid University (KKU), Saudi Arabia, Integral University (IU), India, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India, and The Hague University (HU), The Netherlands. The study has analyzed the trend of paper requirement, paper utilized and paper wasted in all the four universities. The environmental impact resulting from reduced paper use has been also analyzed. The feasibility of e-examination, its implementation and the implications has been undertaken in the study. The study concludes that the e-examination can almost make the examinations paperless and feasible in the four universities.

Seawater: Affordable, Reliable and Sustainable Energy for All

In order to achieve the ever-growing energy demand, the best solution is to analyse one of the most abundant and affordable source on planet i.e. seawater. The population living within 100 km of 356,000 km coastline comprises of 40% of world population. The seawater analysis (Voltage and Current) under aerobic and anaerobic condition resulted in low energy potential, which restricts its widespread application. The change in Energy production system from Mass to Individual level will ensure affordable and sustainable source of energy to even the remote human habitat around the globe.