Mohammed Q. Shatnawi

A framework for retrieving Arabic documents based on queries written in Arabic slang language

Due to the widespread use of the internet, there are large amounts of information and documents available in several languages. The Arabic language is one of the available important languages in terms of its usage and structure. Search engines like Google and Yahoo support searching in Arabic, yet fail to get good results when slang terms are used in the query. There are difficulties associated with the Arabic language. The main goal of this research is to refine Arabic text-based searching by using Arabic slang terms in queries. This research proposed a framework to enable users to use their slang language in order to retrieve the relevant documents that have been posted in both forms – slang and classical. The framework is designed and implemented based on a context-free grammar that is used to map the user’s slang queries to the equivalent classical ones. On a classical dataset, results showed a 3% improvement on the average values of precision, recall, and F-measure achieved using classical-based queries rather than slang-based ones. Using slang-based queries gives 13% improvement on the average values of the used measures on a slang dataset and 7% improvement on the average values of the used measures on a hybrid dataset.

Application layer protocols for the Internet of Things: A survey

The “Internet of things” (IoT) concept nowadays is one of the hottest trends for research in any given field; since IoT is about interactions between multiple devices, things, and objects. This interaction opens different directions of enhancement and development in many fields, such as architecture, dependencies, communications, protocols, security, applications and big data. The results will be outstanding and we will be able to reach the desired change and improvements we seek in the fields that affect our lives. The critical goal of Internet of things (IoT) is to ensure effective communication between objects and build a sustained bond among them using different types of applications. The application layer is responsible for providing services and determines a set of protocols for message passing at the application level. This survey addresses a set of application layer protocols that are being used today for IoT, to affirm a reliable tie among objects and things.

Expanded grammar for detecting equivalence in math expressions

Structured information (e.g. mathematical information) is one type of web information. Text-based search engines fall short in retrieving such those information. For example, when a user search for x(y+z) using Google, Google retrieves documents that have xyz, x+y=z, (x+y+z)=xyz or any other document that contains x, y, and/or z but not x(y+z). Google ignores the structure of the expression x(y+z). The structure of certain math expression conveys the correct interpretation of that expression. Text-based search engines have achieved a good level of maturity in refining text search. Unfortunately those search engines did not achieve the same progress in terms of mathematical contents as a separate distinguished type of text. The major obstacle to math search in current text search systems is that those systems do not differentiate between a user query that contains a mathematical expression and any other query that contains text term. Therefore, they process mathematical expressions as other texts, regardless of its nature of being well-structured and having properties that make it different from other forms of text. Here, in this context we benefit from the concept of digital ecosystems to refine the text search process to be applicable in searching for a mathematical expression by implementing a system that is responsible for detecting equivalent math expressions. Actually, we will add more algorithms to the Information Retrieval System in order to make it suitable to do search for a mathematical expression as well as other forms of text.

Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocol (RPL) for Internet of Things

Recently, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized a powerful and flexible routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). RPL is a routing protocol for low power and lossy networks in the Internet of Things. It is an extensible distance vector protocol, which has been proposed for low power and lossy networks in the global realm of IPv6 networks, so it selects the routes from a source to a destination node based on certain metrics injected into the objective function (OF). There has been an investigation of the performance of RPL in the lighter density network. This study investigates the performance of RPL in medium density using of two objective function in various topologies (e.g. grid, random). The performance of RPL is studied using various metrics. For example, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Power Consumption and Packet Reception Ratio (RX) using a fixed Packet Reception Ratio (RX) values.

Classical to slang conversion for retrieving Arabic documents using slang queries

In the Arabic world, people speak two languages fluently: classical Arabic and slang Arabic. Being able to use slang Arabic terms in Web search queries will be considered a huge leap in modern research on Arabic information retrieval. It would be more comfortable to Arab Web users to obtain the required information available on the Web using slang Arabic queries. This research paper completes the work that was started a year ago in which the ultimate goal of this ongoing project is to design and build a system that is fully capable of replacing Arabic slang-based queries with their equivalent classical terms. The work that has been done in this paper aims to simplify the task for Arab Web users via enabling them to use their slang Arabic to make Web queries. This work provides promising results and shows that people who do not know how to write classical queries can use their slang language directly.

A Digital Ecosystem-based Framework for Math Search Systems

Text-based search engines fall short in retrieving structured information. When searching for x(y+z) using those search engines, for example Google, it retrieves documents that contain xyz, x+y=z, (x+y+z) =xyz or any other document that contain x, y, and/or z but not x(y+z) as a standalone math expression. The reason behind this shortage; is that the text-based search engines ignore the structure of the mathematical expressions. Several issues are associated with designing and implementing math-based search systems. Those systems must be able to differentiate between a user query that contains a mathematical expression, and any other query that contains only a text term. A reliable indexing approach, along with a flexible and efficient representation technique are highly required. Eventually, text-based search systems must be able to process mathematical expressions that are well-structured and have properties that make them different from other forms of text. Here, in this context we take advantage from the concept of digital ecosystems to refine the text search process so it becomes applicable in searching for a mathematical expression. In this research, a framework that contains the basic building blocks of a math-based search system is designed.

Verifying Hadith Correctness in Islamic Web Pages using Information Retrieval Techniques

Certain types of web information need to be verified for correctness once being posted on the web (i.e. the information has a reference that cannot be tampered with). Such these types of information need systems in order to verify and assure their correctness. ”The Hadith”; which is the sayings of Prophet Mohammad is an example of these types of information. Hadith in Islam is a very important tool to understand Qur’an, and in matter of Islamic law. This paper presents a reliable method to extract Hadith text from web pages, in order to find out the degree of correctness for each one; by looking it up in Sheikh AlAlbani Hadith Database (correct series and weak series) which contains 17000+Hadeeth texts and their degrees of correctness according to Sheikh Al-Albani studies. The proposed approach uses positional index built over the Sheikh AlAlbani Hadith Database (SAHDB) and extracts Hadith terms as queries from the passed web page, and execute these queries over SAHDB index.

Intelligent system for visual web content analytics: A new approach and case study

The accuracy of searches for visual data elements, as well as other types of information, depends on the terms used by the user in the input query to retrieve the relevant results and to reduce the irrelevant ones. Most of the results that are returned are relevant to the query terms, but not to their meaning. For example, certain types of web contents hold hidden information that traditional search engines are unable to retrieve. Searching for the mathematical construct of 1/x using Google will not result in the retrieval of the documents that contain the mathematically equivalent expressions (i.e. x−1). Because conventional search engines fall short of providing math-search capabilities. One of these capabilities is the ability of these search engines to detect the mathematical equivalence between users’ quires and math contents. In addition, users sometimes need to use slang terms, either to retrieve slang-based visual data (e.g. social media content) or because they do not know how to write using classical form. To solve such a problem, this paper proposed an AI-based system for analysing multilingual slang web contents so as to allow a user to retrieve web slang contents that are relevant to the user’s query. The proposed system presents an approach for visual data analytics, and it also enables users to analyse hundreds of potential search results/web pages by starting an informed friendly dialogue and presenting innovative answers.

Increasing the Target Prediction Accuracy of MicroRNA Based on Combination of Prediction Algorithms

MicroRNA is an oligonucleotide that plays a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases (mentioning Cancer). It is a non-coding RNA that is involved in the control of gene expression through the binding and inhibition of mRNA. In this study, three algorithms were implemented in WEKA software using two testing modes to analyze five datasets of miRNA families. The data mining techniques are used to compare the interactions of miRNA-mRNA that it either belongs to the same gene-family or to different families, and to establish a biological scheme that explains how the biological parameters are involved or less involved in miRNA-mRNA prediction. The factors that were involved in the prediction process includs match, mismatch, bulge, loop, and score to represent the binding characteristics, while the position, 3’UTR length, and chromosomal location and chromosomal categorizations represent the characteristics of the target mRNA. These attributes can provide an empirical guidance for study of specific miRNA family to scan the whole human genome for novel targets. This research provides promising results that can be utilized for current and future research in this field

Content-Based Image Retrieval for Medical Applications with Flip-Invariant Consideration Using Low-Level Image Descriptors

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has recently become one of the most attractive things in medical image research. Most existing research on CBIR focused on low-level image descriptors in image retrieval, which sometimes weaken the retrieval accuracy since many relevant images are not retrieved. Limited number of researches consider flipping the image on different sides. In order to fill the knowledge gap, this research focuses on considering the flipped images in retrieval based on previously implemented system that uses low-level image descriptors. Some improvements are made on the system considering the flipped images by extracting the features of the main and flipped images. The final results showed that the proposed system outperforms the existing system. The system has proven as a powerful method in helping medical staff, physician decision makers, and students to get better results by giving wide range of needed images, and helps in reasoning and building better decisions.