Mohammed S. Khan

Gold nanoparticles: A paradigm shift in biomedical applications

In the medical field, majority of the active ingredients exists in the form of solid particle (90% of all medicines). Nanotechnology had grabbed the attention of many scientists working in different aspects and gave them a vivid imagination in order to utilize the nanotechnology in an innovative way according to their needs. One of the major applications of nanotechnology is drug delivery through nanoparticles which is on boom for the researchers and gives a challenging environment for the researchers. Among them upcoming challenge is the use of inorganic nanoparticles for the drug delivery and related aspects. There is growing interests in usage of inorganic nanoparticles in medicine due to their size, and unique physical properties that make them different from other nanoparticulate systems. This review will lay special emphasis on the uniqueness of inorganic nanoparticles especially gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle and moreover will present a wide spread scenario of gold nanoparticles that has been used for treatment of life threatening diseases like cancer.

Development and Evaluation of Phosphated Cross-Linked Guar Gum Microspheres for Improved Delivery of Anticancer Drug to Colon

The present work aimed to develop and characterize 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) loaded cross-linked Guar gum (GG) microspheres by emulsification method using tri-sodium-tri-meta phosphate (STMP) as a cross-linking agent for treatment of colon cancer. SEM studies showed that the drug-loaded microspheres were non-aggregated with spherical shape. DSC and FTIR studies showed compatibility of drug excipients used. Release studies showed that drug release was more profound in cecal medium induced with enzymes causing degradation of the GG than that of the release showed in SIF. Stability studies showed that there were no significant changes in the drug content and physical appearance.

Development and evaluation of microporous osmotic tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride

Microporous osmotic tablet of diltiazem hydrochloride was developed for colon targeting. These prepared microporous osmotic pump tablet did not require laser drilling to deliver the drug to the specific site of action. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared tablets were coated with microporous semipermeable membrane and enteric polymer using conventional pan coating process. The incorporation of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a leachable pore-forming agent, could form in situ delivery pores while coming in contact with gastrointestinal medium. The effect of formulation variables was studied by changing the amounts of sodium alginate and NaCMC in the tablet core, osmogen, and that of pore-forming agent (SLS) used in the semipermeable coating. As the amount of hydrophilic polymers increased, drug release rate prolonged. It was found that drug release was increased as the concentration of osmogen and pore-former was increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that there was no interaction between drug and polymers. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed the formation of pores after predetermined time of coming in contact with dissolution medium. The formation of pores was dependent on the amount of pore former used in the semipermeable membrane. in vitro results showed acid-resistant, timed release at an almost zero order up to 24 hours. The developed osmotic tablets could be effectively used for prolonged delivery of Diltiazem HCl.

Porous nanoparticles of metoprolol tartrate produced by spray-drying: development, characterization and in vitro evaluation.

The present investigation was undertaken to fabricate porous nanoparticles of metoprolol tartrate by spray-drying using ammonium carbonate as pore former. Prepared nanoparticles were coated with Eudragit S100 polymer in order to prevent the release of metoprolol tartrate in the upper GI tract. It was shown that nanoparticles with low size ranges can be obtained with a low feed inlet rate. Micromeritic studies confirmed that nanoparticle batches are discrete and free flowing. Effects of the pore former on drug loading, porosity and in vitro release were studied. It was found that there was an increase in drug loading and porosity with increasing the amount of pore former. In vitro drug release studies showed that an increase in pore former made drug release faster. Release kinetics proved that nanoparticles follow a zero-order release mechanism. U radu je opisana priprava poroznih nano~estica metoprolol tartarata pomo}u su{enja sprejanjem, koriste}i amonijev karbonat za stvaranje pora. Da bi se sprije~ilo osloba- |anje metoprolol tartarata u gornjem dijelu GI trakta, nano~estice su oblo`ene polimerom Eudragit S100. Nano~estice podjednake veli~ine mogu se dobiti polaganim uklapanjem ljekovite tvari. Mikromeri~ke studije potvrdile su da su nano~estice zasebne i te~ne. Prou- ~avan je utjecaj sredstva za stvaranje pora na koli~inu uklopljenog lijeka, poroznost i invitro osloba|anje. Pove}anje koli~ine sredstva za stvaranje pora pove}ava koli~inu uklopljenog lijeka, poroznost i brzinu osloba|anja ljekovite tvari. Osloba|anje metoprolola slijedi kinetiku nultog reda