Mohan K. Raizada

Molecular and cellular biology of insulin-like growth factors and their receptors

Proceedings of a symposium held at the U. of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Jan. 1989. The first section covers general aspects of the physiology of the insulin-related growth factors (IGFs). The next section highlights recent advances in elucidating the molecular structures of the vario

Current Directions in Insulin-Like Growth Factor Research

Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Insulin, IGFs, and their receptors, held in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, April 1993, under the auspices of the American Diabetes Association. The study of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has become an exciting area of investigation. Amon

Molecular biology and physiology of insulin and insulin-like growth factors

Patients with chronic alcoholism and/or Alzheimers disease suffer from degenerative changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. To investigate possible changes in IGF-1 receptor binding sites in brain tissue of patients with these pathological conditions, the binding of [1251]_IGF_1 was determined in tissues obtained from control, Alzheimers and/or patients with a history of alcoholism. The four experimental groups examined consisted of patients from similar age groups. Specific binding of [1251]_IGF_1 to cerebral cortical membranes from Alzheimers patients had significantly more binding sites than age-matched controls, alcoholic patients and alcoholic patients with Alzheimers disease. Regression analyses indicated that there were no significant differences in [1251]_IGF_1 binding in cerebral cortex with regard to age of patients (1.1% of total variance with a range of 52 to 92 years). Likewise, the time interval between death and autopsy contributed only 1.4% to the total variance in IGF-1 binding. No statistical differences in [251]_IGF_1 binding were noted in hippocampal tissue from the various patient groups. Thus, human IGF-1 binding sites in cerebral cortex and hippocampus appear to be relatively stable for a number of variables. The increase in cerebral cortical [1251]_IGF_1 binding sites could be due to upregulation of IGF-1 receptors resulting from a decrease in IGF-1 levels in Alzheimers patients.

Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factors, and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System

Section I: Insulin Receptors: Structure and Function.- Internalization of Insulin and Its Receptor: Role in Signaling.- Insulin-activated Phosphorylation on Tyrosine of a 15 Kilodalton Cytosolic Protein in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.- Role of Protein Phosphorylation in Growth Factor Signal Transduction..- The Processing and Transport of Peptide Hormones across Endothelial Cell Barriers.- The Role of Phospholipid Metabolism in Insulin Action.- Glucose Transporters: Overview and Implications for the Brain.- Alteration of Insulin Receptor Binding and Protein Kinase Activity in Rat Liver and Placenta by ?-Naphthoflavone.- Section II: Insulin and Insulin Receptors in the Central Nervous System.- Evolution of Insulin and Insulin Receptors.- Evidence for Central Nervous System Insulin Synthesis.- Localization of Insulin to Neuronal Cells.- Synthesis of Insulin or a Similar Peptide in the Pituitary Gland and in Retinal Muller Cells.- Insulin in the Central Nervous System: A Regulator of Appetite and Body Weight.- Insulin in the Brain: A Feedback Loop Involving Brain Insulin and Circumventricular Organs.- Structural Evidence for a Subtype of Insulin Receptor in the Central Nervous System.- Physiologically Unique Insulin Receptors on Neuronal Cells.- Insulin Receptors in Brain Development.- Insulin Downregulates Alpha-2-adrenergic Receptors in Cultured Glial Cells.- Section III: Insulin-Like Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors in the Central Nervous System.- Somatomedins (Insulin-like Growth Factors) and the Nervous System.- Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptors in the Brain.- Receptors for Insulin and Insulin related Peptides in the CNS: Studies of Localization in Rat Brain.- Visualization of IGF-2 Receptors in Rat Brain.- Insulin-like Growth Factors and Their Receptors in the Pituitary and Hypothalamus.- Two Types of Receptors for Insulin-like Growth Factors Are Expressed on Normal and Malignant Cells from Mammalian Brain.- Role of Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factors and Nerve Growth Factor in Neurite Formation.- Contributors.- Author Index.

Recent advances in cellular and molecular aspects of angiotensin receptors

1. Characterization of a cis-Regulatory Element and trans- Acting Protein That Regulates Transcription of the Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptor Gene.- 2. Human AT1 Receptor Gene Regulation.- 3. Regulation of Gene Transcription of Angiotensin II Receptor Subtypes in the Heart.- 4. Sodium Induced Regulation of Angiotensin Receptor 1A and 1B in Rat Kidney.- 5. Characterization and Regulation of Angiotensin II Receptors in Rat Adipose Tissue: Angiotensin Receptors in Adipose Tissue.- 6. Changes in Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Density during Hypertension in Fructose-Fed Rats.- 7. Cardiac Effects of AII: AT1A Receptor Signaling, Desensitization, and Internalization.- 8. AT1-Receptors and Cellular Actions of Angiotensin II in Neuronal Cultures of Stroke Prone-Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Brain.- 9. Antisense Oligonucleotides for in Vivo Studies of Angiotensin Receptors.- 10. Interactions of Angiotensin II with Central Dopamine.- 11. Regulation of the Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Vasopressin Secretion: Role of Angiotensin II.- 12. Relationship between the Drinking Response to Angiotensin II and Induction of fos in the Brain.- 13. Identification of AT1 Receptors on Cultured Astrocytes.- 14. Structure-Activity Relationship of the Agonist-Antagonist Transition on the Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor the Search for Inverse Agonists.- 15. Molecular Cloning and Expression of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Gene.- 16. Molecular Cloning of the Human AT2 Receptor.- 17. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Angiotensin II AT2 Receptor in Neuroblastoma N1E-115 Cells.- 18. Characterization of the AT2 Receptor on Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells.- 19. AT2 Receptor Expression in Ovaries: A Review.- 20. Heterogeneity of Rat Angiotensin II AT2 Receptor.- 21. Heterogeneity of Angiotensin Type 2 (AT2) Receptors.- 22. Angiotensin II Stimulates Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Cultured Neuronal Cells via Type 2 Receptors in a Pertussis Toxin Sensitive Fashion.- 23. Functional Aspects of Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor.- 24. Angiotensin Receptor Heterogeneity in the Dorsal Medulla Oblongata as Defined by Angiotensin-(1-7).- 25. Atypical (Non-AT1, Non-AT2) Angiotensin Receptors.- 26. Brain Angiotensin II and Related Receptors: New Developments.- 27. Receptors for (3-8) Angiotensin in Brain Cells: AngIV Binding in Brain Cells.