Mohd Haroon Khan

Use of collagen as a biomaterial: An update.

Biomaterial science is an expanding area, which encompasses a wide range of medical knowledge involving arthroplasty, cochlear implants, heart valves designing, lenses, dental fixation and tissue engineering. Within this context, in vitro cell culture on polymer scaffolds is one of the adopted strategies for tissue creation. It consists of a specific cell line that is seeded onto a particular substrate. This scaffold should provide excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, appropriate mechanical strength, flexibility as well as the ability to absorb body fluids for delivery of nutrients. Collagen certainly fulfils these demands; therefore, it is often chosen as a biomaterial. Moreover, this protein is abundant in the animal kingdom and plays a vital role in biological functions, such as tissue formation, cell attachment and proliferation.

Morbidity and behavioural problems among adolescents in Hajipur village of Katihar district, Bihar

Adolescent period is very crucial since these are formative years in the life of an individual when major physical, psychological and behavoural changes take place. WHO defines adolescence both in terms of the age and in term of a phase of life marked by special attributes. These attributes include rapid physical growth, and development, physical, social, and psychological achievement of maturity. Adolescents start experimenting with their lives and indulge in unhealthy lifestyles like smoking, alcohol use and abuse of drugs apart from premarital sex, under the influence of pear pressure. The WHO estimates that about 500 million people who are alive today will eventually die of smoking-related diseases, including cancers, heart disease and respiratory diseases.

Comparison of Drug Resistance Pattern under Supervised Vs Unsupervised Treatment of Tuberculosis

Background: The prevalence of drug resistance was higher in areas with poor tuberculosis control. Resistance to Anti tuberculosis treatment was found in all 35 countries and regions surveyed. Objective: To Compare of Drug Resistance pattern in cases under supervised vs unsupervised treatment. Study design: Hospital based study. Setting: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Motilal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC), Allahabad, (U.P) India. Participants: 52 patients. Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Results: Out of 52 patients 23(44.23 %) were relapse, 22(42.30 %) were treatment failure and 7(13.46) were defaulter. Treatment failure cases were more in unsupervised group 28.84% compare with supervised group 13.46%, relapse were more in supervised group 26.9%, as compared to unsupervised group 17.3% and defaulter were more in unsupervised group 11.5%, as compare to supervised group 1.96%. nine patients (17.6%) who took supervised treatment previously were susceptible to all tested drug as compare to unsupervised group in which 3(5.9%) cases were susceptible to all tested drug. 6(11.76%) cases were single drug resistance in supervised group as compared to unsupervised in which 7(13.72%) cases were single drug resistance. Poly resistance were more 12 (23.53%) in unsupervised group as compare to supervised group in which 4(7.84%) cases were poly resistance. Multi drug resistance cases were more 7(7.84%) cases in unsupervised group as compare to supervised group in which 3(5.90%) cases were multi drug resistance Conclusion: It was concluded that supersized strategy was superior to unsupervised treatment in controlling the tuberculosis infection and in preventing the emergence of drug resistance tuberculosis Key-words: Multi drug resistance, Defaulter, Treatment failure, Relapse, supervised, unsupervised

Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Aligarh: a community based study

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are now recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality. All countries, irrespective of their stage of economic development or demographic and epidemiological transition, face an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases. Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study conducted at field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. 640 study subject’s age group 18-65 years. Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). SPSS version 13 and Chi-square was used to analyse the data. Results: The age group for the present study was chosen to be 18-65 years of age. The study population consisted of 340 females and 300 males. 27.1% belong to younger age group (18-25 years), whereas in urban areas majority (27.3%) belongs to 26-35 years age group. Also, the study group comprised of higher percentage of females (53%) compared to males (47%).129 (20.2%) subjects were found to be current smokers. Only 4 (1.3%) women were smokers. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use which was found to be 21.6% (28.3% in males and 15.6% in females). The prevalence of current alcohol use in our study to be 10.3% in males and 0.6% in females. The overall prevalence of alcohol use was 5.2%. Alcohol use showed inverse relation with socioeconomic class, About 87% of the respondents did not have sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The physical inactivity during work was more in males (30.7%) compared to females (15.5%. Mean body weight, BMI and waist circumference showed significant changes with age in both sexes. Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that the burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the rural and urban areas of Aligarh is quite high.