Mohd Murtadha Mohamad

Ubiquitous Positioning: A Taxonomy for Location Determination on Mobile Navigation System

The location determination in obstructed area can be very challenging especially if Global Positioning System are blocked. Users will find it difficult to navigate directly on-site in such condition, especially indoor car park lot or obstructed environment. Sometimes, it needs to combine with other sensors and positioning methods in order to determine the location with more intelligent, reliable and ubiquity. By using ubiquitous positioning in mobile navigation system, it is a promising ubiquitous location technique in a mobile phone since as it is a familiar personal electronic device for many people. However, there is an increasing need for better development of proposed ubiquitous positioning systems. System developers are also lacking of good frameworks for understanding different options during building ubiquitous positioning systems. This paper proposes taxonomy to address both of these problems. The proposed taxonomy has been constructed from a literature study of papers and articles on positioning estimation that can be used to determine location everywhere on mobile navigation system. For researchers the taxonomy can also be used as an aid for scoping out future research in the area of ubiquitous positioning.

Greedy Routing in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: A Survey

Due to the significant advances of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), researchers are eager to use this technology in the subsea applications. Because of rapid absorption of high radio frequency in the water, acoustic waves are used as communication medium, which pose new challenges, including high propagation delay, high path loss, low bandwidth, and high-energy consumption. Because of these challenges and high movement of nodes by water flow, end-to-end routing methods used in most of existing routing protocols in WSNs are not applicable to underwater environments. Therefore, new routing protocols have been developed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) in which most of the routing protocols take advantage of greedy routing. Due to inapplicability of global positioning system (GPS) in underwater environments, finding location information of nodes is too costly. Therefore, based on a need for location information, we divided the existing greedy routing protocols into two distinctive categories, namely, location-based and location-free protocols. In addition, location-free category is divided into two subcategories based on method of collecting essential information for greedy routing, including beacon-based and pressure-based protocols. Furthermore, a number of famous routing protocols belonging to each category are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, these protocols are compared with each other based on their features.

Ant Colony Robot Motion Planning

A new approach to robot motion planning is proposed by applying ant colony optimization with the probabilistic roadmap planner (PRM). The PRM is a path planning method that consists of capturing the connectivity of the robots free space in a network called the roadmap. An ant colony robot motion planning (ACRMP) method is proposed that takes the benefit of collective behaviour of ants foraging from a nest to a food source. Two groups of ants are placed at both the nest and food source respectively. A number of ants (agents) are released from the nest (start configuration) and begin to forage (search) towards the food (goal configuration). Each ant has a certain quantity of pheromone to be dropped along the path. The ants track down the pheromone trails previously dropped by the nests ants to accomplish the path between the two points of nest and food respectively. Results from preliminary tests show that the ACRMP is capable of reducing the intermediate configuration between the initial and goal configuration in an acceptable running time

A Survey of Security and Privacy in Connected Vehicles

Electronic control units (ECUs) of a vehicle control the behavior of its devices—e.g., break and engine. They communicate through the in-vehicle network. Vehicles communicate with other vehicles and road side units (RSUs) through vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANets), with personal devices through wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and with service center systems through cellular networks. A vehicle that uses an external network, in addition to the in-vehicle network, is called connected vehicle.

Ubiquitous positioning: integrated GPS/Wireless LAN positioning for wheelchair navigation system

The location determination in obstructed area can be very challenging especially when the Global Positioning System is blocked. Disable users will find it difficult to navigate directly on-site in such condition, particularly in obstructed environment. Sometimes, it needs to integrate with other sensors and positioning methods in order to determine the location with more intelligent, reliable and ubiquity. By using ubiquitous positioning, it provides the location technique inside the wheelchair navigation system that needed for disable people. In this paper, we utilizes the integration of wireless local area network and the Global Positioning System which receive signal strength from access point and at the same time, it retrieve Global Navigation System Satellite signal. This positioning information will be switched based on type of environment in order to ensure the ubiquity of wheelchair navigation system. Finally, we present our results by illustrating the performance of the system for an indoor/ outdoor environment set-up.

Articulated Robot Motion Planning Using Ant Colony Optimisation

A new approach to robot motion planning is proposed by applying ant colony optimization (ACO) with the probabilistic roadmap planner (PRM). The aim of this approach is to apply ACO to 3-dimensional robot motion planning which is complicated when involving mobile 6-dof or multiple articulated robots. An ant colony robot motion planning (ACRMP) method is proposed that has the benefit of collective behaviour of ants foraging from a nest to a food source. A number of artificial ants are released from the nest (start configuration) and begin to forage (search) towards the food (goal configuration). During the foraging process, a 1-TREE (uni-directional) searching strategy is applied in order to establish any possible connection from the nest to goal. Results from preliminary tests show that the ACRMP is capable of reducing the intermediate configuration between the Initial and goal configuration in an acceptable running time

Offline Beacon Selection-Based RSSI Fingerprinting for Location-Aware Shopping Assistance: A Preliminary Result

The location determination in an obstructed area can be extremely challenging particularly when the Global Positioning System (GPS) is blocked. When this happens, users will encounter difficulty in navigating directly on-site, especially within an indoor environment. Occasionally, there is a need to integrate with other sensors in order to establish the location with greater intelligence, reliability, and ubiquity. The use of positioning integration may be useful since it involves as many beacons as necessary to determine positioning. However, the implementation of the integration in the mobile devices platform may lead high computation which in turn could increase power consumption. In this paper, an offline beacon selection-based RSSI fingerprinting is proposed in order to lessen the computation task during the location determination process, as it may cause huge power consumption in mobile devices. By reducing the number of beacons that will be processed, the number of RSSI fingerprinting searches of the location in the spatial database also reduced. Lastly, the preliminary results are presented to illustrate the performance of an indoor environment set-up.

A Case for Societal Digital Security Culture

Information and communication technology systems, such as remote health care monitoring and smart mobility applications, have become indispensable parts of our lives. Security vulnerabilities in these systems could cause financial losses, privacy/safety compromises, and operational interruptions. This paper demonstrates through examples, that technical security solutions for these information systems, alone, are not sufficient to protect individuals and their assets from attacks. It proposes to complement (usable) technical solutions with Societal Digital Security Culture (SDSC): collective knowledge, common practices, and intuitive common behavior about digital security that the members of a society share. The paper also suggests a set of approaches for improving SDSC in a society and demonstrates using a case study how the suggested approaches could be integrated to compose a plan for improving SDSC.

Receiver-based AODV routing protocol for MANETs

Many routing protocols have been proposed to enhance the performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) for various applications. This paper proposes a receiver-based Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (RB-AODV) routing protocol to support high traffic load applications. In RB-AODV, we use the destination node to update the source node with the available path, while it still receiving data packets. We implemented RB-AODV using glomosim. The simulation results show that RB-AODV produces a better performance in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead compared to the AODV protocol.

Receiver-Based Ad Hoc On Demand Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Decreasing the route rediscovery time process in reactive routing protocols is challenging in mobile ad hoc networks. Links between nodes are continuously established and broken because of the characteristics of the network. Finding multiple routes to increase the reliability is also important but requires a fast update, especially in high traffic load and high mobility where paths can be broken as well. The sender node keeps re-establishing path discovery to find new paths, which makes for long time delay. In this paper we propose an improved multipath routing protocol, called Receiver-based ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol (RB-AOMDV), which takes advantage of the reliability of the state of the art ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol with less re-established discovery time. The receiver node assumes the role of discovering paths when finding data packets that have not been received after a period of time. Simulation results show the delay and delivery ratio performances are improved compared with AOMDV.