Mohd Noor Asril Saadun

Computational Simulation of Boil-Off Gas Formation inside Liquefied Natural Gas Tank Using Evaporation Model in ANSYS Fluent

Research on the waste energy and emission has been quite intensive recently. The formation, venting and flared the Boil-off gas (BOG) considered as one of the contribution to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission nowadays. The current model or method appearing in the literature is unable to analyze the real behavior of the vapor inside Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tank and unable to accurately estimate the amount of boil-off gas formation. In this paper, evaporation model is used to estimate LNG Boil-Off rate (BOR) inside LNG tank. Using User Define Function (UDF) hooked to the software ANSYS Fluent. The application enable drag law and alternative heat transfer coefficient to be included. Three dimensional membrane type LNG cargos are simulated with selected boundary condition located in the United States Gulf Coast based on average weather conditions. The result shows that the value of BOR agrees well with the previous study done with another model and with International Marine organization (IMO) standard which is less than 0.15% weight per day. The results also enable us to visualize the LNG evaporation behaviors inside LNG tanks.

Underwater manipulator’s kinematic analysis for sustainable and energy efficient water hydraulics system

In promoting energy saving and sustainability, this paper presents research development of water hydraulics manipulator test rig for underwater application. Kinematic analysis of the manipulator has been studied in order to identify the workspace of the fabricated manipulator. The workspace is important as it will define the working area suitable to be developed on the test rig, in order to study the effectiveness of using water hydraulics system for underwater manipulation application. Underwater manipulator that has the ability to utilize the surrounding sea water itself as the power and energy carrier should have better advantages over sustainability and performance.

Promoting water hydraulics in Malaysia: A green educational approach

In promoting water hydraulics in Malaysia, this paper presents research development of water hydraulics educational training system for secondary and tertiary levels in Malaysia. Water hydraulics trainer with robotic attachment has been studied in order to promote the usefulness of such educational tools in promoting sustainability and green technology in the country. The trainer is being developed in order to allow constructive curriculum development and continuous marketing research for the effectiveness and usefulness of using water in hydraulic power trainer. The research on water-based hydraulic trainer is now possible with the current development in water hydraulics technology.

Modeling of Flywheel Hybrid Powertrain to Optimize Energy Consumption in Mechanical Hybrid Motorcycle

The creation of internal combustion engine is a significant milestone in power engineering world which simplified high mechanical energy demand jobs like moving vehicle and machinery. Even though the internal combustion engine gives lot of advantages, however, this type of engine is incapable to convert the heat energy from fuel combustion to the mechanical energy efficiently. Small capacity engine e.g. motorcycle engine having the power conversion efficiency between 25-30%. Therefore, alternative power source is required to support the internal combustion engine in order to increase the overall system efficiency. These phenomena give encouragement to implement the hybridization process. This is to increase the system efficiency in transferring power to the wheel. Hybridization processes e.g. flywheel as secondary power source can increase power transfer efficiency between 30%-80%. Hence, the purpose of this research is to develop the mathematical model of the power transfer efficiency of flywheel hybrid motorcycle by using back trace simulation method. This model will record the amount of energy use in acceleration phase of the driving cycle. Subsequently, the efficiency ratio of motorcycle power transfer is calculated and comparison of those ratios between the conventional motorcycle and the hybrid motorcycle is made. The outstanding results show that the hybrid motorcycle is capable to conserve the energy used up to 36% compare to the conventional motorcycle that wasted energy up to 200%. As a conclusion, flywheel as the secondary power source is capable to supply enough energy to propel the motorcycle forward.

Modern practical application and research on teleoperated excavators control, feedback and perception issues in post disaster recovery operation

This paper discusses the modern practical application and research on teleoperated excavators and related issues regarding the use of such system in high risk and dangerous post disaster recovery operation. We describe the issues of teleoperated excavator system, with respect to control strategy, feedback displays, perception, latency, master-slave technology and sustainability. Practical application in Japan for post disaster recovery operation and various research developments in unmanned and teleoperated construction system are also presented. The recent development in various disasters in Malaysia should enlighten the public and the government on the future direction in the advanced technology for disaster risk reduction and post disaster management in the country.

SOOT PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE AT 18° ATDC CRANKSHAFT ANGLE

Among the major pollutants of diesel engine is soot. Soot is formed as an unwelcome product in combustion systems. Soot emission to the atmosphere leads to global air warming and health problems. Furthermore, deposition of soot particles on cylinder walls contaminates lubricant oil hence increases its viscosity. This reduces durability of lubricant oil, causing pumpability problems and increasing wear. Therefore, it is necessary to study soot formation and its movement in diesel engines. This study focuses on soot particle trajectories in diesel engines by considering the diameter of soot particles that were formed at 18° ATDC crankshaft angle. These soot particle movements are under the influence of drag force with different radial, axial and angular settings and simulated by using MATLAB routine. The mathematical algorithm which was used in the MATLAB routine is trilinear interpolation and 4th order of Runge Kutta. Simulation was carried out for a combustion system of 4 valves DI diesel engine from inlet valve closing (IVC) to exhaust valve opening (EVO). The results show that small diameter of soot particles were transferred near the cylinder wall while bigger soot particle mostly moved in inner radius of the combustion chamber.

Analysis of Soot Particle Movement in Diesel Engine under the Influence of Drag Force

The formation of soot is influenced by the composition of air entrainment and structure of hydrocarbon in the fuel. Soot will then form during combustion in a diesel engine. Some of the soot particles will be released from the engine through the exhaust nozzle and some will stick to the cylinder walls. The soot that sticks to the cylinder wall can affect the lifetime of the lubricant oil. Subsequently this will decrease the durability of the diesel engine. By understanding the movement of the soot particles, the effect to the engine can be decreased. Therefore, the initial position and last position of soot particle was recognized through this study. The data for the formation of soot particles in the diesel engine was obtained from previous investigation. The study of soot movement at 8° crankshaft angle under the influence of drag force with different radial, axial and angular settings were carried out using a MATLAB routine. The results showed that the movement of soot particle will change with different parameter settings. Besides that, comparison of the results of soot particle movement influenced by drag force and without drag force has been carried out. It was observed that drag force caused shorter soot particle movement path and moves them away from the cylinder wall.

Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Cavity Geometry with Heat towards Contaminant Removal

Contaminants are recently discovered at the joint of large piping system and causing defect to industrial product. A computational analysis can be used as a solution of the hydrodynamic contaminant removal without any modification needed. In this paper, the effect of heat is introduced to analyze the heat transfer and flow field in a channel with cavity heated at the bottom sides coupled with different shape of cavity. The cavity shape used comes with three shapes i.e. square, triangle and semicircle. The process of fluid dynamic in a cavity is modeled via numerical solution of the NavierStokes equations using Cubic Interpolated Profile (CIP) method. By using the simulation of hydrodynamic contaminant removal, the flow of streamlines and vortices pattern was investigated in the cavities. In order to remove all of the contaminant, hydrodynamic need to take part in this simulation which is flow from the inlet of the channel and create vortices to remove it from the cavities. The result shows that the percentage of contaminant removal is higher for semicircle cavity with higher Grashof number. The result also indicates that vortices formation is highly dependent on the cavity geometry and creates a buoyancy effect.

The development of tele-operated electro-hydraulic actuator (T-EHA) for mini excavator tele-operation

High risk and dangerous post disaster recovery operation requires the use of heavy vehicle tele-operation. This study deals with tele-operated electro-hydraulic actuator system or T-EHA for the operation of construction vehicle tele-operation that focuses on a robotic system to remotely control a mini excavator. The current development of the system, from design, simulation and control aspects of T-EHA is presented. A wireless PS2 controller with Arduino programming has been utilized as the remote controller for the system. The T-EHA system is later used to control a lever which is used to manipulate the movement of the mini excavators boom. Simulation on the position control of T-EHA is conducted at a designated signal interval, with system flow rate and pressure of 0.7lpm and 20 bar respectively. The overall movement correlates with the simulated input signal. Laboratory evaluation on T-EHA tele-operation have been conducted at a distance of 5 meters, accordingly.

Development of Water Hydraulic System

Common hydraulic system using hydraulic oil as their working medium but there is an application using water due to high accessibility and environmentally concern.Water hydraulic is an attractive technology to use water as the pressure medium in hydraulic system. In this paper, water hydraulic system is design and develops that capable to use water as pressure medium. Water is used to provide clean environment and safe for the mobile purpose. The system includes electric motor, water pump, directional control valve, pressure control valve and motor hydraulic. Some of water challenged as the pressure medium in hydraulic system were considered during build and design the system to minimize the bad effect of water in hydraulic system. Besides, the arrangement of hydraulic components on the test rig also considered to optimize the water hydraulic system performance. Water hydraulic system performance was analyzed by measured maximum pressure produced from water pump and system efficiency. Others, the effect of temperature increment in water hydraulic system also analyzed to optimize operation time.