Mohd Sazli Saad

Active vibration control of a flexible beam using system identification and controller tuning by evolutionary algorithm

This paper presents a new approach of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller tuning via an evolutionary algorithm that optimally suppresses the vibration of a flexible beam system using a piezoelectric actuator. The system’s dynamic model is identified based on autoregression with exogenous input (ARX) structure using recursive least square. The input-output data were obtained experimentally. This ARX model represents the physical system and is used for the controller optimization process. Evolutionary algorithms such as differential evolution (DE) and genetic algorithms (GA) were applied to optimize and tune the controller parameters offline based on a defined performance index, i.e. mean square error of the vibration signals. The optimum PID parameters were validated experimentally. The performance of PID tuned by DE and GA are compared with conventional PID tuning (using Ziegler Nichols method). Experimental study showed that PID tuned by DE and GA offer a better transient response than the conventional tuning method.

Active vibration control of flexible beam system using proportional control scheme in finite difference simulation platform

This paper presents the development of dynamic model of flexible beam structure using finite difference method. The simulated model is validated by comparing the resonance modes with the theoretical values. Simple proportional control scheme is used as active vibration control (AVC) algorithm for the system. Simulation study of the control system is done by gradually increasing the proportional gain until it reaches the optimum value. The effectiveness of this control scheme is observed based on its capability to suppress unwanted vibration of the beam. The attenuation of the beam is validated through time and frequency responses. The effect of proportional gain on the dynamic behavior of the actuator is also reported. Simulation is done using LabVIEW graphical programming environment. Results of the study clearly reveal the effectiveness of proportional control scheme in reducing the vibration of the beam.

Online monitoring and self-tuning control using pole placement method for active vibration control of a flexible beam

This paper presents the experimental results of online self-tuning pole placement control for active vibration of a flexible beam. The vibration is controlled using a piezoelectric actuator bonded on a flexible beam. An online computer control that runs on a PC-based control and its graphical user interface have been developed in such a way that the user can perform online monitoring and manipulation of control parameters of the active vibration control algorithm for a flexible beam system. The parameters of the pole placement controller have been self-tuned based on autoregression with an exogenous terms model of a bonded piezoelectric actuator beam identified via a recursive least square algorithm. A PC-based control system was implemented using a peripheral component interconnect data acquisition card and LABVIEW software. Results show that the online self-tuning pole placement control offers better transient performance over the fixed controller when tested at different tip loads. The control parameters have converged to a new value as the physical parameter of a flexible beam is changed.

Dynamic System Modeling of Flexible Beam System Using Multi-Objective Optimization Differential Evolution Algorithm

This paper proposes an algorithm called multi-objective optimization using differential evolution (MOODE) for providing the optimal mathematical model of flexible beam system. The main reason of developing a flexible beam system is to find an appropriate controller to control the vibration produced by this system. This dynamic system is treated as a black box where the acquired input-output data is used in the modeling processes. Two objective functions are considered for optimization; minimizing the number of term of a model structure and minimizing the mean square error between actual and predicted outputs. Nonlinear auto-regressive with exogenous input (NARX) model is used to represent the mathematical model of the investigated system. To obtain an optimal model for representing the dynamic behavior of flexible beam system, the model validity tests have been applied.

Photovoltaic/Thermal Water Cooling: A Review of Experimental Design with Electrical Efficiency

Photovoltaic (PV) cells can produce electrical energy from irradiance; however besides than electrical energy transformation, the remainder energy can also be transformed into thermal energy which increases the temperature of PV cell. The high operating temperature in PV cell will affect the electrical power output and PV cell lifespan. Numbers of researchers had designed different Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) collector for cooling with better electrical and thermal efficiency. This paper presents a review of literature available that cover different configuration and design of water Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) and their performances in terms of electrical efficiency. The review covers detailed previous researchers work of experimental design and the evaluation of the electrical efficiency. It can be concluded that, the performance of PV/T system depends on the factor of different cooling methods of passive and active, type and size of the cell, and climatic factors such as solar radiation and ambient temperature.

Determination Performance of Thermoacoustic Heat Engine Simulation by Delta EC Software

Thermoacoustic Heat Engine probably the most efficient energy source for electronic devices for the next 10 year ahead that require small amount of electrical energy to operate. This study was to simulate the Thermoacoustic Heat Engine (TAHE) standing wave system by conducting a Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) by using a Thermoacoustic system’s software named DeltaEC for better uderstanding on the fundamental of TAHE standing wave system. Some characteristics or parameters in the system that were studied in order to derive the fundamental knowledge of TAHE standing wave system. The thickness of Hot Heat Exchangers (Hot HX) plays the major role in affecting the maximum acoustic power generated, the level of onset temperature difference and maximum pressure amplitude followed by the stack length. Hot HX dimension (thickness) contributes nearly 3.3% changes in maximum acoustic power where the lowest thickness scores the highest maximum acoustic power generated. 2.9% of increment on maximum acoustic power generated by altering the length of the stack by 5 mm.

Experimental Study of Active Vibration Control of a Flexible Beam System Using Iterative Learning Algorithm

Experimental studies are conducted on active vibration control using self-tuning proportional integral derivative and self-tuning proportional iterative learning algorithm control schemes to suppress vibration on a flexible beam via real-time computer control. An experimental rig is developed to investigate controller performance when a change in the dynamic behavior of the flexible beam system occurs. The performance of the self-tuning control schemes is validated experimentally and compared with that of conventional control schemes through the use of an iterative learning algorithm. Experimental results clearly reveal the effectiveness and robustness of the self-tuning control schemes over conventional control schemes.

Real-Time Self-Tuning Speed Controller: Performance Comparison between Engine Fuelled with Palm Methyl Esters and Petroleum Diesel

This paper investigates the performance of a real-time self-tuning speed controller designed to track and regulate at various engine speeds. The controller was tested with an automotive engine fuelled with petroleum diesel and and palm oil biodiesel (Palm Methyl Esters) within speed range of 1800 rpm to 2400 rpm. A self-tuning control algorithm based on pole assignment method together with on-line model parameters estimation strategy based on the recursive least squares method are adopted. The ability of the controller to track, regulate at various engine speed and also to reject disturbances applied for both type of fuel are compared and presented. The results confirmed that the controller performed very satisfactorily.