Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar

Transformer Fault Classification from Polarization Current Measurement Results by Using Statistical Technique

In general, the presence of moisture and other impurities inside the insulator or oil can cause the breakdown of the power transformer. Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) is one of the technique to assess the condition of insulation oil in power transformer and can be applied in many electrical apparatus such as power cables and on load tap changer as well as to estimate conductive and moisture content of the insulation. Basically, it is a technique that is based on time domain measurement and has been used since 1990. For this research, the PDC data will be analyzed using graphical method and statistical technique to classify the transformer faults into a proper range. Lastly, it will be validated with the results from previous research. The output of the research work revealed that in term of the sequence, the results obtain in both graphical technique and the statistical technique is identical with the results presented in previous research. Hence, the range of the faults started with partial discharge, followed by arcing and lastly is the overheating.

Formation and Effect of Moisture Contents to Kraft Paper’s Life of In-Service Power Distribution Transformer

Examples of solid and liquid electrical insulations for power transformer are mineral oil and cellulose based paper. As transformers performed their function to step-up or step-down voltage level, its’ insulations will be degraded. Paper insulation is considered the most critical component in a transformer insulation system because it is not easily replaced if compared to oil where it is easily reconditioned in-order to remove water and contaminants. Studies show that temperature, moisture contents and oxygen contributed to paper insulation degradation. Moisture and furanic compound were produced from these deterioration processes. This paper is focused on the formation and effect of moisture to Kraft paper’s life. Levels of moisture contents were obtained from in-service power distribution transformers. These data then is used to assess the Kraft paper’s life by means of Weibull plot. This study shows that level of moisture contents can be used to assess the life of Kraft paper insulation.

Automated Calculation of Thermodynamic Potential Applied for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell

Energy sources are the utility main important aspect in our daily basic life. However, their cost of operation, installation or maintenance is continuously growing to be highly expensive and to this, the solution is by encouraging the usages of recently famous renewable energy, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell. However, this PEM Fuel Cell is not widespread and still new in Malaysia as well as the research is still in the initial stage. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design the Automated Calculation of Thermodynamic Potential Applied for PEM Fuel Cell. In this project, two different steps will take place. First, the implementation of block parameters of PEM Fuel Cell via MATLAB simulink software (*.mdl) has been used to calculate the hydrogen pressure against Thermodynamic Potential (Enernst) value and temperature against Enernst. In order to ensure that the calculation is accurate, these two different values will be compared with the theoretical calculations. Next, the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) by using Microsoft Visual Studio is implemented. This GUI is prepared in order to create the application of Automated Calculation of Thermodynamic Potential Applied for PEM Fuel Cell. As a result, the new developed application system is expected to automatically calculate the nominal efficiency and the thermodynamic potential value of PEM Fuel Cell.

Comparative Study of Worldwide Standards for Interpreting Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) Results of Distribution Transformers

Distribution transformer in Malaysian electricity network is categorized as major element on delivering electricity throughout the nation. Advanced diagnostic tools are used to monitor any technical problem of transformer to sustain its capability in the long run. One type of it which is currently being used in worldwide is Frequency Response Analysis (FRA). The reliability from this method is proven worldwide in diagnosing transformer condition especially a mechanical movement. FRA technique is done by comparing the response result in transformer initial condition to its current condition. The interpretation of transformer condition from the response is based on frequency sub-bands. Each frequency sub-bands are indicating any movement parts of transformer and electrical faults. Currently, there are three worldwide standards established for interpreting the FRA results but both of them are different in frequency sub-bands range. Up to now, there are no research papers comparing the fault detection capabilities from frequency sub-bands range for both standards. In this paper, comparative study is done to visualize and interpret the capabilities from three standards (IEEE Std C57.149 2012, DL/T911-2004 and Cigre WG A2/26); by focus on the frequency sub-bands range.

Demand Side Management Technique for Domestic Level by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Electrical energy is critical resources for all nation building activities in order to keep prosper economy side for the nation. Therefore, demand for electricity is on the ever increasing side in both industrial and domestic levels. This paper presents a basic technique using a fuzzy logic technique for managing the power consumption at residence level by focusing on water heater (WH) load control. It aims to increase the utilization of electricity supply system. The proposed algorithm in this paper is shown to design a model for load management during peak hours and off peak hours at domestic level by developing the preference setting. Then, simulation results are expected to show the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in demand side management (DSM) strategy.

Study of magnetic fields produced by transmission line tower using finite element method (FEM)

Transmission line is a medium to transmit electric energy from one place to another for long distances. For instance, the aim is to reduce losses. Typically, in Malaysia the overhead transmission line was used because cost and maintenance can be handling easily. Despite, the transmission line also produced high strength of electric and magnetic field under the tower. Therefore, the tendency of magnetic field effected to the human and environment has to be identified wisely. However the real measurement under transmission line tower may give high risk. Therefore the best approach is to carry out the information by performing simulation study. In this project, Finite Element Method (FEM) via ANSYS Maxwell software was carried out. The transmission line modeling is focused on 132kV and 275kV specifications. Magnetic field analysis under the transmission tower is carrying out in this research work. Finally, it is a successful work in modeling the transmission line by validating the result with the actual on-site measurement especially on 132kV transmission line.

On-site OLTC monitoring using duval triangle and DWRM

Generally, the insulation degradation and contacts failure happened inside the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC). Besides, the OLTC performance can be dropped due to contact wear. Hence., the worn contact creates hotspots inside OLTC tank and affects the insulating oil. Due to this phenomenon, the insulating oil will degrade faster. Consequently, the whole unit of the transformer will be affected as well. Therefore, it is important to find new ways to detect the contacts wear inside the OLTC as it impacts the insulation oil and the age of the transformer. Thus, this paper demonstrates the application of Duval Triangle method during the diagnosis of OLTC to provide any significant indication related to the breakdown of OLTC. Besides, this paper introduced the advanced technique, Dynamic Winding Resistance Measurement (DWRM) to figure out the types and locations of faults occurred inside the OLTC. Finally, visual inspections will be carried out to validate the both results obtained from DGA and DWRM respectively. The analysis in this paper revealed that the findings from Duval Triangle method were similar to the outcomes carried out by DWRM.