Mohd Zakwan Ramli

Study of factors influencing construction delays at rural area in Malaysia

Construction is one of an important industry which contributes to the economic growth in Malaysia. However, it has been revealed that 79.5 percent and 66.7 percent of the public and private projects were not completed within the time specified in the contracts out of 359 projects in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the delay factor caused project delay at rural area. A 5-points Likert scale questionnaire survey were answered by 111 respondents which having experience with rural construction project. The questionnaire data were analysed by using Relative Importance Index (RII). Five top factors were determined from this study based on their RII values which are improper construction method implemented by contractor, weather condition, difficulties in providing delivery to site, breakdown of site equipment, and poor qualification of contractors technical staffs.

Shallow groundwater hydrochemistry assessment of engineered landfill and dumpsite

In this paper, hydrochemistry analysis was performed at two different landfill site that is Matang and Beriah landfills, to evaluate the environmental risks associated with leachate flowing into groundwater resources. Selected parameters considered were heavy metal and physico-chemical properties of the groundwater samples. Analysis for Matang Landfill shows that the pollutant species seem to accumulate within MT1 that were located at the southeast of the landfill site. The pollutant species have tendency to migrate and disperse toward the southeast side of the landfill site which are MT 1, MT4 AND MT5. Meanwhile, the analysis for Beriah Landfill site shows that the contaminant tends to migrate to the south west direction of the landfill where AP6 and AP7 show the highest concentration of Heavy Metals, Cl−, Mg2+ and Ca2. The concentration of heavy metal is higher in Beriah Landfill as compared to Matang Landfill which was due to the type of landfill itself, where Matang Landfill operates as sanitary landf...

Performance of asphalt mixture incorporating recycled waste

Nowadays, the amount of premix waste was increased every year, especially at the batching plants. Normally, the waste materials will be discarded without doing any innovative and effective research about those materials. This situation has become one of the global concerns due to the increasing number of premix waste produced every year. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) using premix waste on improving asphalt mixture fatigue behaviour.The method used in this study was Superpave mix design method. The sample conducted in this study were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% of premix waste respectively. For a binder test, the laboratory test conducted were penetration test, softening test and thin film oven test while for the performance test were resilient modulus test and indirect tensile fatigue test. From the laboratory test, the resilient modulus test was conducted with two different temperature which was 25oC and 40oC. The result from that test was 20% of premix waste had higher resilient modulus at that two different temperatures compared to another samples. From that test also shown that the sample at the lower temperature which was 25oC has higher resilient modulus compared to the temperature of 40oC. Indirect tensile fatigue test showed that the 30% of premix waste sample was suitable for the modified asphalt mixture with referring to the maximum deformation and strain for comparison control, 10%,20%, and 100% of premix waste samples. So, it can be concluded that premix waste inhibits great potential as road construction material and suitable for repeated traffic loading.

Computational fluid dynamic analysis for independent floating water treatment device

This project is to design and develop 3D Independent Floating Water Treatment Device using 3D CAD software. The device is designed to treat water for better water qualities and water flows of the lakes. A prototype was manufactured to study the water treatment efficiency of the device. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was used to capture the efficiency of the Independent Floating Water Treatment Device by simulates and model the water flows, pressure and velocity. According to the results, the maximum velocity magnitude was around 1m3/s. The velocity contour showed the device has high velocity at the pipe outlet. The velocity became lower and lower as the distance is further from the pipe outlet. The result from the velocity measurement was 1.05m/s. The pressure magnitude was in between 1426 Pa to 1429 Pa. The laboratory results based on water parameters proved that the water movement and direction of water flow of the Independent Floating Water Treatment Device enable the efficient pollutant removal. The vector plot, velocity contour, water flow path lines, water flow streamline and pressure contour was successful modeled.This project is to design and develop 3D Independent Floating Water Treatment Device using 3D CAD software. The device is designed to treat water for better water qualities and water flows of the lakes. A prototype was manufactured to study the water treatment efficiency of the device. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was used to capture the efficiency of the Independent Floating Water Treatment Device by simulates and model the water flows, pressure and velocity. According to the results, the maximum velocity magnitude was around 1m3/s. The velocity contour showed the device has high velocity at the pipe outlet. The velocity became lower and lower as the distance is further from the pipe outlet. The result from the velocity measurement was 1.05m/s. The pressure magnitude was in between 1426 Pa to 1429 Pa. The laboratory results based on water parameters proved that the water movement and direction of water flow of the Independent Floating Water Treatment Device enable the efficient pollutant re...

Assessment of accessible facilities for disabled passenger movement in aerodrome terminals in Klang Valley

The effectiveness of accessibility in public transport has prompted a great deal of weakness and confines many disabled from moving around unreservedly. As far as the built-up environment is concerned, it is important that it should be barrier-free and adapted to fulfill the needs of all people equally. The consideration of equal accessibility to outdoor environments is still lacking. These cause the problems with poor accessibility, the disabled people face more challenges and difficulties while travelling and using the public transport. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of accessible facilities for disabled movement in aerodrome terminals in Klang Valley. An assessment rating was developed from an established guideline to assess the disabled facilities provided in the Aerodrome Terminal 1 and Aerodrome Terminal 2 by using manual observation and measurement technique. Based on the results obtained, the facility for disabled people in both aerodrome terminals are moderate. Aer...

Level of service for pedestrian movement towards the performance of passenger information in public transport stations in Klang Valley

Rapid growth in car ownership in Malaysia plays a major role to traffic congestion. Hence, public transportation is crucial to cater the residents in high-density area especially in Klang Valley. Signage information in public transport station is one of an important passenger information system. Poor placement of sign information will decrease the efficiency of passenger flow and caused congestion in the station. Passenger information system is very useful for trip planning and decision making. Therefore, it is interesting to study the performance of passenger information system in focusing the movement behavior of pedestrian at non-peak period. Thus, the study on pedestrian movement during non-peak period on weekdays and weekends in mass transit stations and bus transit stations in Klang Valley was carried out by using video observation. The observation of the pedestrian movement was made in Mass Transit Station 1 in the middle of Kuala Lumpur and Mass Transit Station 2 in southern of Kuala Lumpur. The other site was focused at Bus Transit Station 1 in Putrajaya and Bus Transit Station 2 in Kajang. Findings shown that Mass Transit Station 1 having the best facility in terms of passenger information which the level of service obtained is LOS A, while the lowest level of service which is LOS E was obtained in Bus Transit Station 2.Rapid growth in car ownership in Malaysia plays a major role to traffic congestion. Hence, public transportation is crucial to cater the residents in high-density area especially in Klang Valley. Signage information in public transport station is one of an important passenger information system. Poor placement of sign information will decrease the efficiency of passenger flow and caused congestion in the station. Passenger information system is very useful for trip planning and decision making. Therefore, it is interesting to study the performance of passenger information system in focusing the movement behavior of pedestrian at non-peak period. Thus, the study on pedestrian movement during non-peak period on weekdays and weekends in mass transit stations and bus transit stations in Klang Valley was carried out by using video observation. The observation of the pedestrian movement was made in Mass Transit Station 1 in the middle of Kuala Lumpur and Mass Transit Station 2 in southern of Kuala Lumpur. The o...

Potential of Utilizing Solid Waste Generated in UNIMAS West Campus

The purpose of this study is to identify the solid waste generation and compositions that are generated from UNIMAS West Campus area and also to calculate potential energy and profit that can be harvested from the solid waste. This study was conducted at UNIMAS west campus where the samples of solid waste were collected from different types of source of generation namely residential colleges, faculties, Centre Teaching Facilities (CTF) and cafeteria. The solid wastes collected are weighed, mixed, quartered and the compositions of the samples are determined. From the analysis, the solid waste generation rate is 499 kg per day and the major composition of solid waste produced from this study area is food waste with the value of 54% followed by plastic bottle with 9%, mixed plastic with 8%, mixed paper with 7%, box and polystyrene are with 5% and the less percentage of solid waste composition is aluminium with 4%. For the total estimation potential energy that generated by UNIMAS West Campus is about 12819.9 kJ/kg per day and the profit can be achieved when the solid wastes are recycles is about RM 126.43 per day. The analysis shows that solid waste generated in UNIMAS West Campus has a good potential in recycling and give more benefit to UNIMAS. With the data of the solid waste generated in this study area, proper management strategies can be planned by top management of UNIMAS and put it into action in the future. In long term, it will make UNIMAS a green campus which eventually reduces the amount of solid waste generation.

Assessment Of Accessibility For Disabled Persons In Rail Transit Stations In Klang Valley Case Study: Comparison Between Komuter (KTM) Stations and Light Rail Transit (LRT) Stations

This paper was published to present the current condition of accessible facilities for disabled persons provided in rail transit stations in Klang Valley. Accessibility is one of the most important criteria in designing a public transport station. With poor accessibility, the disabled people confront more difficulties and challenges while travelling and using the public transport. Thus the objective of this study is to assess and then to compare the accessibility for disabled persons on rail transit stations around Klang Valley. For this purpose, this study proceed with a qualitative and quantitative approach where an assessment and a questionnaire survey are used as the means to collect the data. A rating system was developed taking the idea from QLASSIC to assess the accessibility of the rail transit stations and its facilities. It is found that KTM stations is averagely accessible by 50.32% and LRT stations is averagely accessible by 71.53%. Overall, both stations are accessible by 61% and its facilities is accessible by 69%. With all the data acquired in the study, this paper shows how the accessibility on rail transit stations are associated with the disabled persons.

The Importance of Lightweight Concrete Technology Development for IBS Industry in Malaysia Based on Cost Comparison between Concrete Slab and Hollow Core Slab: A Case Study of LRT Car Park Project

There are several issues related to the implementation of new Industrialised Building System (IBS) technology in Malaysia which some of them are the awareness among industry players, and lack of development on the new technology in the industry. The main constraint that has always been discussed by the IBS players is time and cost. To have more reliable product or technology in terms of cost and time, it is important to craft and develop new idea as well as technology in our own country. The objective of this study was to highlight the cost comparison between cast in-situ concrete slab and hollow core slab (lightweight) which it can be a starting point for future research on the development of new lightweight IBS technology in Malaysia to get the most reliable cost with latest technology by using local resources. Informations on costs and work durations are collected and analysed between two floors using two different construction methods (hollow core slab and conventional concrete slab). Hollow core slab (lightweight IBS) has similar or less cost with shorter construction period (30% shorter) for the project.