Moheb Iskander

Hydrodynamic modeling of outlet stability case study Rosetta promontory in Nile delta

Abstract The hydrodynamic features of Rosetta promontory are simulated numerically to minimize the outlet siltation problems. Many coastal structures (i.e. revetments, groins) are used to solve the erosion of the shoreline and siltation in the outlet. However, the shoreline along the promontory is still unstable and these structures did not achieve the expected results to reduce the problem where the erosion problem is shifted down drift. In this research three potential solutions were investigated. The first solution is to apply a soft approach in term of re-establishment of natural hydrologic conditions such as providing additional water discharge processes through diverting Burullus drains to the end of the estuary to achieve the nature and stable condition for the promontory. The second proposed solution is to reach the equilibrium cross section of the outlet by dividing the Rosetta outlet into two parts by constructing two 500 m separated jetties. The third solution is to control the sedimentation in the outlet by constructing 450 m length jetty attached to the eastern bank of the estuary. Numerical Coastal Modeling System (CMS) was used after tuning the model parameters to check the feasibility of the different proposed solutions on the stability of outlet channel. The study shows that an additional discharge of 47 m3/s in the first scenario results in a stable outlet cross section suitable for navigation purposes but with limited effect on the erosion problem.

Numerical Investigation of the Impact of Jetties on Accretion Problem at Rosetta Promontory, Egypt

Estuaries are very sensitive and vulnerable to any interventions in coastal dynamics. Erosion began to take place since the beginning of the 20th century along Rosetta area, and increased dramatically since the construction of the High Dam in 1964. Many protective works have been implemented and/ or under construction since 1989 and up to the present time. Erosion is not the only problem facing the area but also, the accumulation of sediments inside the inlet is also taking place because of the littoral drift and the absence of the outflow of water from Rosetta branch. This paper aims to reach a new condition of stability of Rosetta Promontory by using boundary jetties to reduce coastal dynamics at the outlet .Moreover the effect of the angle of the western jetty was investigated to reach suitable position of it. This target is achieved by using a hydrodynamic model Coastal Modeling System (CMS). About eight scenarios were tested to reach suitable solutions that mitigate the coastal problems at the inlet specially the accretion problem. The results show that 360 m jetty combined with an inclined western jetty of 800 m length enhances the stability of the inlet.

Egyptian Fishing Ports Challenges and Opportunities Case Study: Mediterranean Sea Ports

Fisheries are considered one of the important sources of national income in Egypt. The fishery operates vast tracts of more than 13 million acres and varies according to the nature of these sources, such as Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, lakes and the Nile River. There are 21 Egyptian fishing ports and marinas located on both the Mediterranean coasts and lakes. Only five of these ports have minimum requirements of infrastructure and facilities for accommodating catches, fishing boats, and equipment. This study aims to present the current environmental, planning, and facilities issues for four of the existing artificial and natural Egyptian fishing ports that are located on the Mediterranean Sea in terms of challenges and opportunities. The data are collected from different sources such as the annual reports of the Egyptian General Authority for Fish Resources Development, discussion, and personal interviews with the main stakeholders, and through field survey and visual observation. The results show that the investigated fishing ports are suffering from degradation of catch rates, increase of pollution levels, master planning issues, sedimentation issues, and deterioration of the basic infrastructure as well as a great variance of available facilities. The results spotlight the current conditions of fishing ports in Egypt. In addition, the need for further research to investigate the possibility of improving the offered facilities and the port efficiency towards transfer of Egyptian fishing ports into sustainable and greener ports is presented.

Assessment of Nile Delta Coastal Zone Using Remote Sensing

Shoreline change due to erosion and accretion is a major concern for integrated coastal zone management. The dynamic coastlines, such as the Nile Delta coast, pose considerable dangers regarding the coastal development. Accordingly, rapid techniques are required to update coastline maps of these areas and monitor rates of movement.

Towards a Sustainable Stability of Coastal Zone at Rosetta Promontory/Mouth, Egypt

Rosetta promontory/mouth where Rosetta branch of the Nile River meets the Mediterranean sea suffers from several severe environmental problems which began to take place since the beginning of the 20th century along Rosetta area, and increased dramatically since the construction of the Aswan High Dam (AHD) in 1964. It suffers from coastline erosion and sedimentation inside the inlet. The shoaling of the inlet leads to hindering the navigation process of fishing boats, negative impacts to estuarine and salt marsh habitat and decreases the efficiency of the cross section to transferring the flood flow to the sea. Many attempts to solve the erosion, and sedimentation problem were performed. Although, hard protection (and dredging) works have been implemented since 1989 including seawalls on the tip of the promontory and several groins along the eastern and western shores of the promontory, the problems still existing. This paper presents the results of testing a huge number of proposed alternative solutions to sustain the stable conditions of the Rosetta promontory/mouth. Hard structures, soft measures, combination of hard structures and soft measures were tested with and without nourishments of predetermined. The utilized Coastal Modeling System in testing the suggested measures was calibrated using collected field data from Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation authorities and research institutes. The results indicated using only hard structures or soft measures without nourishment is not capable of keeping the Rosetta promontory/outlet stable. Only combination of both hard structures and soft measures with application of nourishment can improve the situation towards sustainable stable conditions but absolutely not the original stable conditions that were there before the construction of AHD.

Assessment of Egyptian Fishing Ports Along the Coasts of the Nile Delta

The fishery sector is considered one of the most significant sectors in the economic structure of Egypt. Therefore, this chapter aims to present an assessment of the current condition for the existing natural and artificial fishing ports that are located along the Nile Delta coast of Egypt.

Toward a Dynamic Stability of Coastal Zone at Rosetta Promontory, Egypt

Rosetta promontory, Egypt, experiences coastal problems such as severe erosion along the shoreline and siltation problem at the outlet. This is due to the lack of water and sediment resources as a side effect of constructing the High Aswan Dam (HAD) and other water control structures along the Nile River. The shoaling inside the outlet leads to hindering the navigation process of fishing boats and negative impacts to estuarine and salt marsh habitat and decrease the efficiency of the cross section to transfer the flow during emergencies to the sea. Although protection works have been constructed to mitigate shoreline erosion and a frequent dredging has been carried out to overcome the siltation problem inside the outlet, the situation is still unstable as there is no enough attention to the severe erosion in front of the seawalls and that dredging causes instability in River Nile abatement. An integrated solution for both problems has not been achieved yet.