Mohit Sharma

Association between breastfeeding duration, non-nutritive sucking habits and dental arch dimensions in deciduous dentition: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThis cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to determine association between breastfeeding duration, non-nutritive sucking habits, dental arch transverse diameters, posterior crossbite and anterior open bite in deciduous dentition.Methods415 children (228 males and 187 females), 4 to 6 years old, from a mixed Indian population were clinically examined. Based on written questionnaire answered by parents, children were divided into two groups: group 1 (breastfed for <6 months (n = 158)) and group 2 (breastfed for ≥6 months (n = 257)). The associations were analysed using chi-square test (P < 0.05 taken as statistically significant). Odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the strength of associations tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done for obtaining independent predictors of posterior crossbite and maxillary and mandibular IMD (Inter-molar distance) and ICD (Inter-canine distance).ResultsNon-nutritive sucking (NNS) was present in 15.18% children (20.3% in group 1 as compared to 12.1% in group 2 (P = 0.024)). The average ICD and IMD in maxilla and average IMD in mandible were significantly higher among group 2 as compared to group 1 (P < 0.01). In mandible, average ICD did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.342). The distribution of anterior open bite did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.865). The distribution of posterior crossbite was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.001). OR assessment (OR = 1.852) revealed that group 1 had almost twofold higher prevalence of NNS habits than group 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the first group had independently fourfold increased risk of developing crossbite compared to the second group (OR = 4.3). Multivariate linear regression analysis also revealed that age and breastfeeding duration were the most significant determinants of ICD and IMD.ConclusionsAn increased prevalence of NNS in the first group suggests that NNS is a dominant variable in the association between breastfeeding duration and reduced intra-arch transverse diameters which leads to increased prevalence of posterior crossbites as seen in our study. Mandibular inter-canine width is however unaffected due to a lowered tongue posture seen in these children.

An in vitro comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with different materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of various obturating materials on fracture resistance of root canal treated teeth. Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were used. After standardizing the length to 13 mm, the teeth were biomechanically prepared and divided into four groups based on type of obturating materials used. Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin and fracture strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data obtained was evaluated statistically using one-way ANOVA and the unpaired t-test. Teeth obturated with AH Plus and gutta percha showed higher fracture resistance than those obturated with Resilon-Epiphany. The results suggested that the group obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer had the lowest fracture resistance. No statistically significant difference was found between the unobturated (control) group and the zinc oxide-eugenol group.

Validation of Association between Breastfeeding Duration, Facial Profile, Occlusion, and Spacing: A Cross-sectional Study.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This cross-sectional retrospective study was designed to assess the relationships among breastfeeding duration, nonnutritive sucking habits, convex facial profile, nonspaced dentition, and distoclusion in the deciduous dentition. Materials and methods: A sample of 415 children (228 males, 187 females) aged 4 to 6 years from a mixed Indian population was clinically examined by two orthodontists. Information about breastfeeding duration and nonnutritive sucking habits was obtained by written questionnaire which was answered by the parents. Results: Chi-square test did not indicate any significant association among breastfeeding duration, convex facial profile, and distoclusion. Statistically significant association was observed between breastfeeding duration and nonspaced dentition and also between breastfeeding duration and nonnutritive sucking habits. Nonnutritive sucking habits had a statistically significant association with distoclusion and convex facial profile (odds ratio 7.04 and 4.03 respectively). Nonnutritive sucking habits did not have a statistically significant association with nonspaced dentition. Conclusion: The children breastfed < 6 months had almost twofold increased probability for developing sucking habits and nonspaced dentition, respectively, than the children who had breastfeeding > 6 months duration. It can also be hypothesized that nonnutritive sucking habits may act as a dominant variable in the relationship between breastfeeding duration and occurrence of convex facial profile and distoclusion in deciduous dentition. How to cite this article: Agarwal SS, Sharma M, Nehra K, Jayan B, Poonia A, Bhattal H. Validation of Association between Breastfeeding Duration, Facial Profile, Occlusion, and Spacing: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):162-166.

Innovative use of Kesling spring separators: A clinical pearl

Separation is an essential requirement to ease the placement of bands which requires an extra appointment; the article highlights a clinical pearl in the form of innovative use of Kesling separators as molar tubes to overcome the disadvantages of dislodgment and potential complications.

Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Version of the Modified Child PerceptionsQuestionnaire 11 to 14

Introduction The study was conceived to formulate a tool to evaluate child perceptions related to oral health in 11- to 14-year-olds tailor-made for Indian children in Hindi. The original child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was translated into Hindi and it was tested for validity and reliability. Materials and methods The original CPQ11-14 was translated into Hindi and some questions were rephrased to suit the sociocultural situation in India. The domains of self-esteem and psychological well-being were added to the questionnaire to broaden the scope of parameters to thoroughly assess the impact on child perceptions toward oral health. The English and Hindi versions of the CPQ11-14 were administered during the first visit to test for validity and the children were recalled after 1 week and administered the Hindi questionnaire again after 1 week to check for reliability. Results The results showed significant positive correlation between oral symptoms, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) functional limitation and malocclusion. The mean functional limitation score was found to be higher in subjects with malocclusion in both the English and Hindi questionnaires. The test-retest samples were evaluated using the paired t-test and showed no significant difference between the first and second administration which suggested good reliability. Conclusion The translated and modified Hindi CPQ11-14 was found to be valid and highly reliable for use in India. The adaptation of the original questionnaire by modifying certain questions to suit the Indian condition was found to be culturally relevant. How to cite this article: Kumar P, Mandanna DCM, Londhe SM, Sharma M. Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Version of the Modified Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11 to 14. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):271-276.

Trends in contemporary orthodontic research publications: Evaluation of three major orthodontic journals

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inclination of orthodontic research published in original articles in three of the most popular and recognized orthodontic journals with high impact factor; American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO), the Angle Orthodontist (AO), and European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO) published in a 5-year duration time frame (2010–2014). Materials and Methods: Online search with supplementary hand searching was undertaken for original research articles in these three orthodontic journals from 2010 to 2014. Classification of data was completed autonomously by manual and direct appraisal of the manuscript of each journal. Results and Conclusion: Three thousand one hundred and forty articles published in AJODO, AO, and EJO in the particular time period were selected, out of which 1783 original research study articles (56.78%) were appraised for classification in their various respective knowledge domains. AO (82.73%) and EJO (76.99%) were relatively more committed toward publication of research work in comparison to AJODO (34.55%). Research articles based on perception and questionnaires (12%), temporary anchorage devices (11%), cone-beam computed tomography (8%), invisible orthodontics (lingual orthodontics, clear aligners, esthetic brackets, and wires) (5%), and airway examination (5%) were the five most recurrently selected subjects of interest (41%) in these three journals during the observation period. The total number of research articles published in the three journals reduced statistically significantly in 2014 when compared to 2010.

Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Adjustable Mandibular Advancement Device in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background: Medical Dental Sleep Appliance (MDSA) is an adjustable MAD recommended for treatment of snoring and OSA. There are very few studies on Indian population which evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of mandibular advancement devices in the management of OSA. Material and methods: A prospective clinical study was carried out. 20 Polysomnography diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were treated with MDSA and changes in pre and post treatment sleep parameters (AHI, ESS) were recorded. Results: Mean differences in Pre-treatment (T1 = 30.7 ± 5.0) and post-treatment (T2 = 17.2 ± 3.9) AHI values and ESS pre-treatment (T1 = 17.2 ± 0.6) and post-treatment (T2 = 10.9 ± 0.9) were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). Clinically the maximum improvement was observed in mild and moderate OSA cases. Although significant clinical improvement was also observed in severe OSA cases, the post treatment AHI and ESS were still high. Conclusion: MDSA is a non invasive, low risk and cost-effective treatment option for patients suffering from mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea and also in cases of severe OSA who are not comfortable with CPAP or not willing for surgery.