Monalisa Ribeiro Silva

Estudo químico-biológico dos óleos essenciais de Hyptis martiusii, Lippia sidoides e Syzigium aromaticum frente às larvas do Aedes aegypti

The interest for a biological assay against larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus is due to the fact that these species are distributed by the whole national territory, being therefore an activity carried out by countless researchers of Brazil. The essential oils of Syzigium aromaticum, Hyptis martiusii and Lippia sidoides were tested in the combat of the transmitter of the dengue and of the filariosis, using larvae of third stadium were exposed in triplicate to different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25 and 10 ppm). The larvicidal activity was observed after ten minutes of the beginning of the treatment, in the end showed very significant results, with mortality potentials of up to 100% of the tested larvae, indicating accentuated toxical effects in some representatives of the volatile compounds present in the oils. For the oils of S. aromaticum, L. sidoides and H. martiusii DL50 of 1,0; 1,0 and 8,0 ppm, respectively, were observed.

Antinociceptive Effect of the Essential Oil Obtained from the Leaves of Croton cordiifolius Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice

Croton cordiifolius Baill. is a shrub known as “quebra-faca” and is used to treat inflammation, pain, wounds, and gastrointestinal disturbances in the semiarid region in the northeast of Brazil. In an ethnobotanical survey in the state of Pernambuco, “quebra-faca” use was cited in 33% of the interviews. Thus, we decided to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the essential oil from C. cordiifolius (CcEO). Chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 1,8-cineole (25.09%) and α-phellandrene (15.43%) as major constituents. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using murine models of chemically induced pain (writhing induced by acetic acid, formalin, capsaicin, and glutamate tests). Opioid and central nervous systems (CNS) involvement were also investigated. Regarding antinociceptive activity, CcEO (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the number of writhing responses induced by acetic acid and decreased the licking times in both phases of the formalin test. CcEO also was evaluated in capsaicin- and glutamate-induced nociception. While no effect was observed in the capsaicin test, CcEO (100 mg/kg) was effective in the glutamate test. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, did not affect the antinociceptive activity of CcEO in writhing test. In conclusion, the antinociceptive effect of CcEO could be explained, at least in part, by inhibition of the glutamatergic system.

Efeito antibacteriano e anti-inflamatório tópico do extrato metanólico de Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

The use of medicinal plants is a common practice in countries as part of popular culture as a treatment of different pathologies. The Chenopodium ambrosioides L. plant, popularly known as Mastruz, is used in folk medicine to treat chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, bruises, fractures and hernias, and some activities scientifically proven as anthelmintic and antimicrobial action. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile and investigate the antibacterial activity, modulator of antibiotics and topical anti-inflammatory of methanol extract obtained from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves. In the phytochemical extract prospecting, they were checked different metabolites that have multiple biological activity, and the dosage of total phenols were checked 21.0 mg / g gallic acid equivalent, and the quantification of flavonoids found a total of 135.4 mg / g quercetin. There was no antibacterial activity, but modulation was detected when the extract was associated with aminoglycosides against strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In tests for acute inflammation, the extract showed an antiedematogenic potential at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg. Given the results, we can correlate the empirical knowledge of people; the biological properties observed in this study, this may be important for future validation of these ethnomedicinal properties.

Neuroprotective effects of valproic acid on brain ischemia are related to its HDAC and GSK3 inhibitions

ABSTRACT Valproic acid (VA) is an antiepileptic that is also used for the treatment of bipolar disorders. The objective was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of VA on a brain ischemia model. The groups of male Wistar rats were: SO (sham‐operated), ischemic and ischemic treated with VA (25, 50 and 100mg/kg, p.o.). After anesthesia with ketamine and xilazine, the animals were subjected to clamping of carotid arteries (30min) and reperfusion. Except for the carotid clamping, the SO group was submitted to the same procedure. On the 7th day, the animals were behaviorally evaluated, euthanized and had their brain dissected for neurochemical and immunohistochemical assays. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey as the post hoc test. The results showed that VA reversed partly or completely the behavioral (locomotor activity and memory deficits), neurochemical (striatal DA and DOPAC levels, brain nitrite and lipid peroxidation) and immunohistochemical alterations (iNOS, COX‐2, HDAC and GSK3) observed in the untreated ischemic group. VA neuroprotective effects are probably related to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as to HDAC and GSK3 inhibitory effects. These findings stimulate translational studies focusing on VA as a neuroprotective drug to be potentially used in the clinic for several neurological conditions. HIGHLIGHTSWe confirmed the important Valproic acid neuroprotective properties.These neuroprotective actions are related to the drug anti‐inflammatory activity.We found that, besides being a HDAC inhibitor, Valproic acid also inhibits the enzyme GSK3.

Evaluación de la actividad antiedematogenic tópica y antibacteriana del extracto metanólico de hojas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium

Sideroxylon obtusifolium, conhecida como quixaba, e utilizada para diversos fins medicinais, dentre eles em casos de inflamacoes e infeccoes bacterianas, com isso, o estudo teve por objetivo investigar a atividade antiedematogenica topica e antibacteriana do extrato metanolico obtido das folhas de S. obtusifolium . Os resultados obtidos atraves dos testes de microdiluicao e modulacao mostraram potencial atividade antibacteriana quando associados a gentamicina e amicacina para cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. Para cepas de Escherichia coli, so houve modulacao da atividade de aminoglicosideos frente ao antibiotico amicacina havendo antagonismo para gentamicina, o mesmo efeito foi observado para Pseudomonas aeruginosas em ambos antibioticos . Nos testes para inflamacao aguda atraves dos modelos de edema de orelha induzido por oleo de croton e fenol, o extrato apresentou um potente efeito antiedematogencio p < 0,05. A prospeccao fitoquimica do extrato foi feita e nela foram verificados diversos metabolitos com inumeras atividades biologicas. Os polifenois e flavonoides presentes neste extrato foram quantificados em 150,3 mg equivalentes de acido galico/ g de extrato e 98,5 mg equivalentes de quercetina/ g de extrato, respectivamente, o que explica o forte poder antioxidante presente nesta parte da planta. Diante dos resultados, podem-se observar atividades biologicas de S. obtusifolium , o que condiz com seu uso na terapia popular, no entanto como se trata de um extrato, substancias devem ser isoladas e testadas. Sendo assim este trabalho podera servir como base para futuras pesquisas relacionadas a essa parte da planta.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Larvicidal Activities of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam Fruits Essential Oil

Abstract The analysis by GC-MS, of the essential oil of the fruits from this species permitted the identification of nine chemical constituents, representing 86.99 % and having as majorities: trans β-ocimene (33.90 %), linalool (23.27 %) and undecanone (16.19 %). The essential oil was submitted to analysis for the verification of the antibacterial activity, by the method of diffusion in paper discs in Müller Hinton agar medium, where one bacteria were tested Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram negative (Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella choleraesuis), which demonstrated significant results. Assays for the verification of larvicidal activity were made with Aedes aegypti larvae with the oil being active.

Evaluation of the Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract in the Sideroxylon obtusifolium Leaves

Sideroxylon obtusifolium, conhecida como quixaba, e utilizada para diversos fins medicinais, dentre eles em casos de inflamacoes e infeccoes bacterianas, com isso, o estudo teve por objetivo investigar a atividade antiedematogenica topica e antibacteriana do extrato metanolico obtido das folhas de S. obtusifolium . Os resultados obtidos atraves dos testes de microdiluicao e modulacao mostraram potencial atividade antibacteriana quando associados a gentamicina e amicacina para cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. Para cepas de Escherichia coli, so houve modulacao da atividade de aminoglicosideos frente ao antibiotico amicacina havendo antagonismo para gentamicina, o mesmo efeito foi observado para Pseudomonas aeruginosas em ambos antibioticos . Nos testes para inflamacao aguda atraves dos modelos de edema de orelha induzido por oleo de croton e fenol, o extrato apresentou um potente efeito antiedematogencio p < 0,05. A prospeccao fitoquimica do extrato foi feita e nela foram verificados diversos metabolitos com inumeras atividades biologicas. Os polifenois e flavonoides presentes neste extrato foram quantificados em 150,3 mg equivalentes de acido galico/ g de extrato e 98,5 mg equivalentes de quercetina/ g de extrato, respectivamente, o que explica o forte poder antioxidante presente nesta parte da planta. Diante dos resultados, podem-se observar atividades biologicas de S. obtusifolium , o que condiz com seu uso na terapia popular, no entanto como se trata de um extrato, substancias devem ser isoladas e testadas. Sendo assim este trabalho podera servir como base para futuras pesquisas relacionadas a essa parte da planta.

AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIA TÓPICA E ANTIBACTERIANA DO EXTRATO METANÓLICO DAS FOLHAS DE Sideroxylon obtusifolium

Sideroxylon obtusifolium, conhecida como quixaba, e utilizada para diversos fins medicinais, dentre eles em casos de inflamacoes e infeccoes bacterianas, com isso, o estudo teve por objetivo investigar a atividade antiedematogenica topica e antibacteriana do extrato metanolico obtido das folhas de S. obtusifolium . Os resultados obtidos atraves dos testes de microdiluicao e modulacao mostraram potencial atividade antibacteriana quando associados a gentamicina e amicacina para cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. Para cepas de Escherichia coli, so houve modulacao da atividade de aminoglicosideos frente ao antibiotico amicacina havendo antagonismo para gentamicina, o mesmo efeito foi observado para Pseudomonas aeruginosas em ambos antibioticos . Nos testes para inflamacao aguda atraves dos modelos de edema de orelha induzido por oleo de croton e fenol, o extrato apresentou um potente efeito antiedematogencio p < 0,05. A prospeccao fitoquimica do extrato foi feita e nela foram verificados diversos metabolitos com inumeras atividades biologicas. Os polifenois e flavonoides presentes neste extrato foram quantificados em 150,3 mg equivalentes de acido galico/ g de extrato e 98,5 mg equivalentes de quercetina/ g de extrato, respectivamente, o que explica o forte poder antioxidante presente nesta parte da planta. Diante dos resultados, podem-se observar atividades biologicas de S. obtusifolium , o que condiz com seu uso na terapia popular, no entanto como se trata de um extrato, substancias devem ser isoladas e testadas. Sendo assim este trabalho podera servir como base para futuras pesquisas relacionadas a essa parte da planta.