Mônica Josene Barbosa Pereira

EXTRATOS AQUOSOS DE Xylopia aromatica E Annona crassiflora SOBRE CAPIM-MARANDU (Brachiaria brizantha) E SOJA

The inhibitory effect of Xylopia aromatica and Annona crassiflora (Annonaceae) aqueous extracts on marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha) and soybean (Glycine max) was evaluated. For such purpose germination tests (25 oC and photoperiod of 12 h) and radicle and hypocotyl development (25 oC and photoperiod of 24 h), were measured during 10 days. Extracts were obtained through plant infusion in distilled water for 24 h. Treatments were arranged in 3 x 6 factorial scheme in randomized block design using four replications. Extracts of seeds, leaves, and branches of X. aromatica or A. crassiflora were used in the concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g dm -3 , besides an absolute check in distilled water. With exceptions of the extracts with 20 g dm -3 (branches of X. aromatica and A. crassiflora) and 40 g dm -3 (leaves of X. aromatica), all treatments with aqueous extracts inhibited germination of B. brizantha, showing the allelopathic activity of X. aromatica and A. crassiflora. It was verified that extracts of A. crassiflora interfered on the radicle development of B. brizantha. However, only seeds extracts of A. crassiflora interfered in the soybean germination. Key-words: Allelopathy; development; Glycine max; forage grass.

Dispersão e predação de sementes de araticum no Cerrado de Mato Grosso, Brasil

This study aimed to characterize araticum (Annona crassiflora) plants and fruits, and evaluate the frequency of consumption, predation and dispersal of the seeds by animals and its effect on germination, in Cerrado vegetation area, between February 2007 and June 2008. Using track traps installed on araticum plants, the frequency of visitation (FV) and the fruit consumption by the animals was assessed, as well as, the action of insects in fallen fruits under the trees was registered. Sample of tapirs excrement Tapirus terrestris were analyzed to verify the occurrence frequency (FO) and the damage caused on the seeds by tapirs and insects. To analyze the dispersal by tapirs, colored beads were inserted in fallen mature fruits under the parent trees. Then, the distance between the location of the excrements with beads to the parent tree in the specific color of the bead was measured. Germination test was performed with excrement samples and unbroken fruit seeds. Among the animals that fed on fruits, tapirs contributed with the largest frequency of visitation and consumption of araticum fruits, representing 54% of the frequency occurrence in excrement samples, and the seeds were not damaged significantly. Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) fed the pulp of the fruit and buried araticum seeds next to the parent tree. Curculionid and eurytomid insects predated the araticum seeds on the fruits. The damage caused by these insects in the seeds was significantly higher than those caused by tapirs. Two excrements with beads were found at 1,7 and 1,8km distant from the parent trees, respectively. The seeds had low germinability in this period of study, however the tapirs can protect the seeds of predator insects, defecating the intact seeds for long distances. Thus, T. terrestris is a possible disperser of seeds, whereas curculionids and eurytomids can be considered predators of araticum seeds. These relations probably contribute with the control of araticum population in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Monitoramento do percevejo marrom Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) por feromônio sexual em lavoura de soja

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of rubber septum and lure formulations of the brown stink bug Euschistus heros sex pheromone and to compare it with the shake cloth method for monitoring this pest in soybean fields. The treatments were: pheromone in rubber septum, pheromone in lure, and sampling with shake cloth. Samples were taken weekly during the soybean reproductive stage (ten weeks). To estimate bug population density and compare it with the capture in pheromone traps, four shake clothes per week were carried out in all plots; in addition, the number of bugs captured in traps was determined weekly. Damage caused by bugs in seeds was evaluated using the tetrazolium test. Pheromone formulations were effective in capturing E. heros, and the lure formulation captured more bugs. Early population control, indicated by the level of control in the pheromone traps, resulted in seeds with higher quality than those from plots monitored with shake cloth. Therefore, pheromone traps are more efficient than the shake cloth for monitoring stink bug populations during the critical phase of the bug attack in soybean fields.

Artificial Diet for Rearing the Annona Fruit Borer Cerconota anonella Sepp, 1830 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae)

Cerconota anonella is the most important pest of the Annonaceae in the Neotropical region for larval damage, which can result in 60 to 100% losses in fruit production. However information on the pest’s biology is scarce. This research compared different artificial diets for rearing C. anonella under laboratory conditions (25.0 ± 1.0 °C; 60 ± 5.0% RH and 14 h photophase). Five diets were compared: A (bean, soybean meal, wheatgerm, casein and yeast), B (maize flour, wheatgerm and yeast), C (wheatgerm and casein), D (wheatgerm and soybean) and E (wheatgerm and soybean). In diet E, the amount of wheatgerm was higher than that in diet D. The results indicated that diet E was the most suitable one for the development of C. anonella.RésuméL’objectif de ce travail est de comparer des milieux artificiels destinés à l’élevage de Cerconota anonella Sepp, 1830 en conditions de laboratoire (25,0 ± 1.0 °C; HR 60,0 ± 5.0% et 14 h de photopériode). Cinq milieux artificiels ont été comparés: A (haricot, farine de soja, germe de blé, caséine et levure), B (farine de maïs, germe de blé et levure), C (germe de blé et caséine), D (germe de blé et soja) et E (germe de blé et soja). La quantité de germe de blé du milieu E est plus élevée que celle du milieu D. Les résultats montrent que le milieu E est le mieux adapté au développement de C. anonella.

First Report of Elaphria agrotina and Elaphria deltoides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Elaphriini) Feeding on Maize

ABSTRACT This is the first report of Elaphria agrotina (Guenée, 1852) and Elaphria deltoides (Möschler, 1880) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on maize (Zea mays L.). The specimens were collected in maize fields during the crop season of 2012 and 2013 in three municipalities in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Larvae were collected while feeding at the ear base, which often resulted in ears dropping to the ground. Larvae also were observed feeding on kernels in fallen ears. Ear injury often leads to reduced grain quality, and when the ears fall to the ground, reduced yield. A previous report of Striacosta albicosta (Smith, 1888) feeding on maize in Brazil was probably a misidentification of an E. agrotina male, which has wing pattern and coloration similarities with S. albicosta.

Exigências térmicas e estimativa do número de gerações da broca-do-fruto Annona (Cerconota anonella)

Cerconota anonella is the most important pest of the Annonaceae in the Neotropical region. Larval damage can result in 60 to 100% losses in fruit production. The objectives of this research were to study the biology of the Annona fruit borer C. anonella in different temperatures, to determine their thermal requirements and estimate the number of generations to the cities producers of Sao Paulo state. To determine the duration, viability and thermal requirements insects were reared in sugar apple, at different temperatures (18, 21, 25, 28, 30 and 32°C), relative humidity and 90.0±5.0 photoperiod of 14 hours. The duration of the stages development and the biological cycle (egg-adult) were affected by temperature and were higher in lower temperatures; the viability was higher in the temperature range from 21 to 30°C. The lowest temperature threshold development (Tb) and thermal constant (K) for the egg, caterpillar, pupal and life cycle were 10.20°C and 83.33 GD; 11.72°C and 249.71 GD, 8,69°C and 161.33 GD; 11.05°C e 478.14 GD, respectively. Based on normal climatic l, the number of annual generations of C. anonella ranged from 9 to 10 and from 7 to 8 if it was considered the only fruiting time . These results demonstrate the high potential of this pest in the field.

Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae): effect of crude extract of seeds on larvae of soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

ABSTRACT: The effect of a crude extract of Annona crassiflora was evaluated on larvae of the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different stages of larval development. The extract was prepared with seeds of A. crassiflora fruits collected in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The extract was diluted in water and solubilizer agent at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0%; it was tested by ingestion of treated leaves and contact. The mortality rate of topically treated caterpillars of first, third, and fifth instars was significantly higher than that of the control group. For first instar caterpillars, mortality was observed within the first 24 h after application, while, for the remaining instars, it was significant after 72 h. PLANT PROTECTION - Article Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae): effect of crude extract of seeds on larvae of soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Angelica Massarolli 1 *, Monica Josene Barbosa Pereira

LEVANTAMENTO DE DOENÇAS DA CULTURA DA BERINJELA EM ASSENTAMENTO RURAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE TANGARÁ DA SERRA/MT

O estudo foi realizado no Assentamento Vale do Sol I no municipio de Tangara da Serra/MT, caracterizado como propriedade de agricultura familiar. A presente pesquisa de extensao rural teve como objetivo realizar a identificacao e o monitoramento de doencas na cultura da berinjela. Inicialmente foi realizada a coleta de material vegetal na propriedade para identificacao. Identificou-se a verrugose, podridao de choanephora e fumagina. Em seguida, realizou-se o monitoramento com a utilizacao de escalas diagramaticas de porcentagem de area foliar afetada e escalas de notas, sendo posteriormente calculada a severidade e a incidencia de cada doenca. Foi verificado que a verrugose e a podridao de choanephora causaram danos nas flores e frutos, enquanto a fumagina causou danos indiretos produzindo estruturas de coloracao escuras sobre as folhas. Ocorreu aumento da incidencia e da severidade da podridao de choanephora durante a fase reprodutiva. Em detrimento dessas doencas a produtividade caiu de 40 t ha-1 para 28 t ha-1, evidenciando que existem doencas nesta cultura que devem ser controladas para se obter producao em quantidade e qualidade desejada.