Monica Sawicki

Advances and challenges of sodium ion batteries as post lithium ion batteries

Energy and climate concerns have made the need for research towards electrical energy storage. In this context, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention lately. Sodium is an abundant resource that is low cost and safe which makes it an attractive alternative to lithium. Its chemical properties are similar to that of Li which makes the transition into using Na chemistry for ion battery systems feasible. This review focuses on the latest progress in both cathode and anode materials for SIBs. It also details research in binders and additives and their effects on the SIB system. It further highlights the optimization of organic electrolytes and ionic liquid based electrolytes for utilization in SIBs. The mechanisms of sodium ion storage, transport, and solid electrolyte interphase formation are also discussed to better understand the behavior of ions and battery materials during de/intercalation. Finally, personal perspectives on outlook and major challenges ahead for SIBs are offered. These comprehensive and in-depth discussions along with proposed directions can enlighten ideas and offer avenues in the rational design of durable and high performance SIBs in the near future.

Effects of Surface Roughness of Hydroxyapatite on Cell Attachment and Proliferation

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main inorganic component of human hard tissue. It is bioactive and supports bone in growth and osteointegration, and thus it is widely used for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial applications. To fully utilize its potential in forming a strong bone-implant interface, we have investigated the effect of surface roughness of HA on cell attachment and cell proliferation. The HA samples are prepared via sintering, followed by polishing and then scratch generation using a SiC metallographic paper. Cell attachment and proliferation properties are investigated with the aid of ROS 17/2.8 cells and Live/Dead cell staining, while cell morphologies on different surfaces are studied using scanning electron microscopy. It is found that rougher surfaces are better in enhancing cell attachment and proliferation than polished counterparts. It is proposed that the observed phenomenon is related to the enhanced availability of the medium and serum proteins through the grooves underneath the attached cells.