Monique Gomes Plácido

Public Speaking in Social Phobia: A Pilot Study of Self-Ratings and Observers' Ratings of Social Skills

OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) differ from controls in the quality of skill-related behaviors displayed during a speech and in overall behavioral adequacy as perceived by observers and by the patients themselves. DESIGN A total of 18 SAD patients and 18 controls were screened by a diagnostic interview and took part in a 3-minute speech of their own choosing. For each videotaped speech, observers rated the adequacy of the skill-related behaviors and overall performance adequacy. After the experiment, participants were asked to rate their own overall performance adequacy. RESULTS The results showed that SAD patients exhibited significantly worse voice intonation and fluency of the speech, however no differences were found in global self-ratings. Moreover, the performance evaluations of the SAD group were consistent with the observers, while the controls evaluated their performance lower than the observers. CONCLUSIONS The results are inconsistent with the cognitive model, because patients with SAD did not underestimate their performance. Compared with spontaneous interactions, the clear rules established for such social situations as speeches may result in less cognitive distortion for SAD patients.

Validez convergente del Inventario de Empatía (IE)

The study aimed at investigating the convergent validity of the Empathy Inventory. The sample was composed by 230 adult individuals from both sexes who answered to the Empathy Inventory (EI) and to the Multidimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity (MSIR). Strong or moderate positive and significant correlations were obtained between the EIs cognitive factors (Perspective Taking and Interpersonal Flexibility) and the MSIRs cognitive factor. Therefore, the EIs affective dimensions (Altruism and Affective Sensibility) showed low positive significant correlations or no correlations with the MSIRs affective factors. These findings provide initial evidences about the convergent validity of EI and refine its psychometric qualities as a measure of assessment of empathic skills.O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a validade convergente do Inventario de Empatia. A amostra foi composta por 230 individuos adultos, de ambos os sexos, que responderam ao Inventario de Empatia (IE) e a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal (EMRI). Correlacoes positivas e significativas fortes ou moderadas foram obtidas entre os fatores cognitivos do IE (Tomada de Perspectiva e Flexibilidade Interpessoal) e o fator cognitivo da EMRI. No entanto, os fatores afetivos do IE (Altruismo e Sensibilidade Afetiva) apresentaram corelacoes positivas e significativas, porem baixas, ou correlacoes nao-significativas, com os fatores afetivos da Escala EMRI. Os achados fornecem, portanto, evidencias iniciais acerca da validade convergente dos fatores cognitivos do IE e aprimoram suas qualidades psicometricas no que diz respeito a avaliacao da habilidade empatica.

Convergent validity of the Empathy Inventory (EI)

The study aimed at investigating the convergent validity of the Empathy Inventory. The sample was composed by 230 adult individuals from both sexes who answered to the Empathy Inventory (EI) and to the Multidimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity (MSIR). Strong or moderate positive and significant correlations were obtained between the EIs cognitive factors (Perspective Taking and Interpersonal Flexibility) and the MSIRs cognitive factor. Therefore, the EIs affective dimensions (Altruism and Affective Sensibility) showed low positive significant correlations or no correlations with the MSIRs affective factors. These findings provide initial evidences about the convergent validity of EI and refine its psychometric qualities as a measure of assessment of empathic skills.O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a validade convergente do Inventario de Empatia. A amostra foi composta por 230 individuos adultos, de ambos os sexos, que responderam ao Inventario de Empatia (IE) e a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal (EMRI). Correlacoes positivas e significativas fortes ou moderadas foram obtidas entre os fatores cognitivos do IE (Tomada de Perspectiva e Flexibilidade Interpessoal) e o fator cognitivo da EMRI. No entanto, os fatores afetivos do IE (Altruismo e Sensibilidade Afetiva) apresentaram corelacoes positivas e significativas, porem baixas, ou correlacoes nao-significativas, com os fatores afetivos da Escala EMRI. Os achados fornecem, portanto, evidencias iniciais acerca da validade convergente dos fatores cognitivos do IE e aprimoram suas qualidades psicometricas no que diz respeito a avaliacao da habilidade empatica.

Validade convergente do Inventário de Empatia (IE)

The study aimed at investigating the convergent validity of the Empathy Inventory. The sample was composed by 230 adult individuals from both sexes who answered to the Empathy Inventory (EI) and to the Multidimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity (MSIR). Strong or moderate positive and significant correlations were obtained between the EIs cognitive factors (Perspective Taking and Interpersonal Flexibility) and the MSIRs cognitive factor. Therefore, the EIs affective dimensions (Altruism and Affective Sensibility) showed low positive significant correlations or no correlations with the MSIRs affective factors. These findings provide initial evidences about the convergent validity of EI and refine its psychometric qualities as a measure of assessment of empathic skills.O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a validade convergente do Inventario de Empatia. A amostra foi composta por 230 individuos adultos, de ambos os sexos, que responderam ao Inventario de Empatia (IE) e a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal (EMRI). Correlacoes positivas e significativas fortes ou moderadas foram obtidas entre os fatores cognitivos do IE (Tomada de Perspectiva e Flexibilidade Interpessoal) e o fator cognitivo da EMRI. No entanto, os fatores afetivos do IE (Altruismo e Sensibilidade Afetiva) apresentaram corelacoes positivas e significativas, porem baixas, ou correlacoes nao-significativas, com os fatores afetivos da Escala EMRI. Os achados fornecem, portanto, evidencias iniciais acerca da validade convergente dos fatores cognitivos do IE e aprimoram suas qualidades psicometricas no que diz respeito a avaliacao da habilidade empatica.