Motoki Yamashita

Renal cell carcinoma in patients with end-stage renal disease: relationship between histological type and duration of dialysis

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)
Level of Evidence 4

Angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma : Evaluation of microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases

Abstract Background: Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, has a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Effect of a phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat®, on prostatic and urinary cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis.

Chronic inflammation in the prostate has recently been recognized as an important component of the symptom progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of cytokines/chemokines in prostate tissue and urine to identify markers of prostate inflammation in a prostatitis model and to investigate the effect of a phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat®, on these markers.

Determination of percent area density of epithelial and stromal components in development of prostatic hyperplasia in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVES To determine the percent area density of epithelial and stromal components in the development of prostatic hyperplasia in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. METHODS The ventral lobes of prostates obtained from male SH rats and their normotensive counterparts, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, were examined histopathologically at 15, 29, 40, and 54 weeks of age (5 SH and WKY rats each at each age group). The degree of prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated with a score-chart protocol, histoscore. The percent area density of epithelium and stroma of the ventral prostate were determined using a computerized image analysis system. RESULTS Definite lesions of hyperplastic changes were demonstrated in the ventral prostate of SH rats from 15 to 54 weeks. In comparison with WKY rats, SH rats showed a significantly increased degree of prostatic hyperplasia as reflected by the histoscore values. Furthermore, the histoscore of the ventral prostate of SH rats increased with age (from 21.7 +/- 0.7 at 15 weeks to 26.1 +/- 0.4 at 54 weeks). The percent area density of epithelium and stroma were significantly increased in SH rats, and the ratio of stroma to epithelium ranged from 1:2.94 to 1:3.50 in SH rats but was maintained at 1:1.15 to 1:1.19 in WKY rats during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS The hyperplastic changes of the ventral prostate may develop with advancing age in SH rats. The development of prostatic hyperplasia may result from both epithelial and stromal proliferation and may be predominantly expressed as a glandular type in SH rats.

Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization study

Acquired cystic disease (ACD)-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been recently identified. However, there are only a few genetic studies to date. In this article, we performed an immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) study for six cases including one case with sarcomatoid change. As a result, we observed frequent immunohistochemical expression of AMACR. FISH of chromosome 3 showed trisomy for three cases, monosomy for two cases, and disomy for one case. Additionally, FISH of chromosome 16 showed trisomy for three cases, monosomy for two cases, and both trisomy and monosomy for one case. Furthermore, both the carcinomatous area and the sarcomatoid area of one ACD-associated RCC with sarcomatoid change revealed monosomy of chromosomes 3, 9, and 16 but showed disomy of chromosome 14. In conclusion, the numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 3 and 16, irrespective of gain or loss, may be characteristic of ACD-associated RCC.

Ten cases of congenital urethral stricture in childhood with enuresis

Abstract  Background:  To report short‐term clinical outcomes of endoscopic correction of congenital urethral stricture in 10 boys who suffer from enuresis resistant to conservative therapy.

Micturitional disturbance due to labial adhesion as a cause of vaginal implantation of bladder urothelial carcinoma

Abstract  Vaginal implantation of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare finding, with few cases reported in the literature. This is the first reported case of vaginal implantation of bladder urothelial carcinoma thought to be due to micturitional disturbances secondary to labial adhesion. The authors propose that implantation via pooled urine in the vagina may have occurred, and suggest that labial adhesion be treated in patients with urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, even if asymptomatic.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma excreting insulin‐like growth factor 2 that induced severe hypoglycemia

Insulin‐like growth factor 2 is overexpressed in various cancers, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Also, it is known that insulin‐like growth factor 2 is an etiology of non‐islet cell tumor hypoglycemia. In this report, we describe a case of unexpected hypoglycemia caused by a dedifferentiated liposarcoma producing insulin‐like growth factor 2. A large mass in the retroperitoneum was detected in a 61‐year‐old man who complained of appetite loss. Despite having no history of diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia suddenly occurred after admission, but oral glucose therapy was ineffective. After total parenteral nutrition, tumor resection was attempted, but failed as a result of rigid adhesion to the surrounding organs. The patient died of the disease 21 days after surgery. Pathological diagnosis at autopsy revealed dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor excreted insulin‐like growth factor 2. The possibility of an insulin‐like growth factor 2‐producing tumor should be taken into consideration when we encounter a patient with spontaneous hypoglycemia resistant to glucose substitution therapy.