Muhadjir Darwin

The Negotiation of Political Identity and Rise of Social Citizenship: A Study of the Former Female Combatants in Aceh Since the Helsinki Peace Accord

An identity negotiation process, initiated after the peace agreement was reached, is currently underway in Aceh. This can be seen, for example, in the activities of the women joined in the Inong Balee troop, the women’s wing of the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) formed in the late 1990s. Their participation as women combatants is inseparable from the strong ethno-nationalistic identity and ethno-political struggle that sought Aceh’s independence. Today, more than twelve years after peace was reached in Aceh, the Acehnese ethno-political identity has experienced a transformation. Although it has not entirely disappeared, their activities have been framed as part of Indonesian nationalism. This finding emphasizes that nation is not fixed, but transformable and negotiable. The once ethno-political identity has become a social national identity. This paper attempts to understand how former woman members of GAM through a qualitative narrative. This paper attempts to answer why this has happened and how former combatants have negotiated their identities. Is there still a sense of Acehnese nationalism, as they fought for, and how has this intersected with their Indonesian nationalism since they became ordinary citizens?

THE INHIBITING FACTORS OF FERTILITY RATE DECREASE AND THE DIRECTION OF FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM REVITALIZATION

This paper analyzes stagnation of fertility rate decrease in Indonesia. Population balance can be achieved by controlling fertility. Indonesian survey of demography and health in 2012, however, shows no signifi cant difference of fertility rates from similar surveys in 2002 and 2007. In addition to that, there are factors such as the shifting political paradigm in the developing world, change of local governance, and institutional change that infl uence the stagnation of fertility rate decrease. This writing recommends ways to accommodate balance between democratic system and effective achievement. Besides, the decrease of fertility rate also requires serious commitment and determination of local government to participate. For this goal, sociological and cultural model can be used as an alternative to transform the behavior of society. Kata Kunci: TFR stagnation, contraceptives, family planning, decentralization Populasi 1 Profesor, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Politik, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Email: muhadjir.darwin@gmail.com 2 Dosen Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM 3 Dosen Akademi Sekretaris & Manajemen Indonesia 4 Peneliti Pusat Studi Kependudukan & Kebijakan UGM 5 Peneliti Pusat Studi Kependudukan & Kebijakan UGM