Muhammad H. Raza

A Comparison of Software Defined Network (SDN) Implementation Strategies

Abstract Software defined networking (SDN) is an emerging approach to handle data forwarding and control separately. The notion of programmability has central importance in SDN. Two implementation strategies; proprietary and open source, are shaping the trends of the adoptability of SDN by major hardware manufacturers. A group of leading vendors believes that loose coupling between the logical and physical layers of a network hinders the proper provision of physical resources and suggests a proprietary fix to this problem. The other group regards the notion of openness as s key feature of SDN. This paper compares and contrasts these two implementation strategies of SDN by identifying their respective operating principles, features of the product lines, and weakness and strengths.

Persistent packet reordering attack in TCP based Ad hoc wireless networks

This paper investigates congestion behavior of TCP and its variants TCP Reno, TCP NewReno, TCP Sack1, TCP Vegas, TCP Rbp and TCP Fack for AODV (Ad hoc Ondemand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) routing protocols under persistent packet reordering attack through simulations in NS-2. It also proposes a solution to counter misinterpretation packet reordering with packet loss when retransmissions are due to persistent packet reordering by malicious nodes rather than packet loss due to traditional reasons.

The Slow Adoption of Cloud Computing and IT Workforce

Abstract Cloud computing created many new opportunities for organisations across the world. Presently, Cloud services are available at affordable prices and accessible for all scales of businesses. The economic benefits of this wider acceptance to adopting Cloud computing are enormous and many companies have embraced Cloud computing now. Over the years, technology emergence has helped to enhance the growth of Cloud computing, but the growth had not been as per expectations in the beginning era of the Cloud computing. This paper analyzes various factors that have affected the adoption rate of Cloud computing to be slower than expectations. This paper also identifies that the major factor behind the slower growth of Cloud computing is the controversial view about Cloud computing in the eyes of IT workforce. Based on the result of a survey of IT workforce at various organizational levels, this paper establishes that the identified factors such as Cloud computing awareness and the fear of job loss in IT workforce played a role in slow adoption of Cloud computing. Further, this paper presents recommendations to handle technology adoption and forecasting in a better way in future.

A comprehensive analysis of QoS-based routing mechanisms over shared mesh protected optical infrastructures

The paper describes a literature overview of the main building blocks of service level agreement based architectures over priority-aware shared mesh optical networks. The standardized protocols and existing algorithms for path attributes and service level agreement parameters negotiation are studied in this paper and shortcomings of each are identified. A thorough study of the priority-aware, service level agreement based, and risk-aware mechanisms including the existing mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages, and the remedy for the shortcomings is provided. The mathematical models for availability analysis of different routing mechanisms, protection schemes, and network resources are discussed. Different routing strategies and wavelength assignment approaches are studied as well. The paper tries to show how the quality of service based routing mechanisms can provide service providers better network performance in addition to the higher revenue.

The effect of adopting green SLA on key parameters of optical WDM networks

This paper presents green service level agreement (GSLA) awareness for the hybrid and traditional routing mechanisms by proposing a mathematical model for the amount of route greenness, and proposing two algorithms for the adoption of GSLA. The effect of the adoption of GSLA on a network that on average has green energy available for longer duration of a day is modeled by defining a one-step two-by-two Markov matrix and representing the transformation through a state machine. This work also examines a re-provisioning algorithm to deal with the effect of re-provisioning of the established lightpaths in case of a change in the topology of a network. To study the effect of adopting GSLA, two Scenarios with different arrival rates of connections and four performance parameters such as average emission per lambda, average connection length, GSLA satisfaction and success rate are defined and analyzed over NSFnet. Results reveal that adopting the GSLA by routing mechanisms decreases the resource efficiency with both light and heavy traffic in return for less reduction in emission as compared to green and hybrid routing mechanisms.

Analysis on the Effect of Adopting Green SLA on Optical WDM Networks

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of Green Service Level Agreement (GSLA) on resource efficiency and emission reduction of wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) optical networks governed by Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). Green routing mechanisms may use more resources in serving equal number of connection requests in optical networks, which makes them less favorable for Internet and infrastructure providers. This work shows that the usage of green and hybrid routing mechanism is in fact more resource efficient than using traditional non-green routing methods by simply choosing the greenest route. The amount of greenness of routes in optical networks is requested through GSLA mandating service providers to provide routes for connection requests that are being powered ON by at least certain amount of green energy such as solar energy.

Multi-radio over Fiber Architecture for Road Vehicle Communication in VANETs

Abstract Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) are employing heterogeneous technologies now a days to meet the increasing demands of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications such as enriched multimedia, video conferencing, gaming and online collaboration. Deployment and maintenance cost for infrastructures are also a major concern. This work proposes a framework, capable of catering multiple technologies simultaneously (such as local area network, wide area networks and cellular networks), that deploys wired and wireless integrated technologies to exploit the advantages of both. Therefore, it offers the architecture based on radio over fiber technology to meet the future requirements of high data rate for Road Vehicle Communication (RVC) in VANETs and it comes up with the most important and perhaps desperately needed feature of ‘Future Technology Support’ yielding very high data rates support. Several traditionally deployed architectures are striving to come up with the future needs but due to their various limitations they were unable to attain their expected outcomes. The proposed RoF based architecture justifies its need inducing a true value and powerful features to dramatically enhance the overall performance of the entire system. Several evaluation parameters have been chosen that clearly present the strength of proposed RoF framework and prove that RoF framework is the better option for the service providers in the area of ITS applications.

Inter-domain Hybrid Metric as SLS Dissemination Mechanism in Green Optical Networks.

Abstract This paper introduces the dissemination of Hybrid cost calculated for each route in Emission Aware and SLA Based Routing Mechanism as path attribute for purpose of inter-domain routing operation. This paper then compares the performance of the routing mechanism using this method against performance of the routing methods using other types of transmitted metrics such as energy code.

Determining Density in Ad hoc Networks

Nodes in an ad hoc network are potentially in motion, meaning that the density of an ad hoc network can vary over time. Increasing density can result in congestion and collisions, while decreasing it may lead to poor coverage. For these reasons, density is considered an important metric for defining network environments. The density of an ad hoc network is referred to when performance metrics are defined, when routing parameters are tuned, and when different kinds of protocols are compared. Despite the importance of density, little research appears to have been done to determine it in ad hoc networks. In this paper, two algorithms for determining density are proposed: a census of nodes and traffic analysis. To validate these algorithms, the simulation results are also presented

SDN based emulation of an academic networking testbed

This paper proposes an emulated model of an academic networking testbed by using SDN. This emulated model consists of switching and routing topologies and has been tested to be successfully working for layer (data link) two and layer three functionality. The increasing prices of the every new generation of networking hardware puts budgetary challenges to academic units. The need of the addition of new equipment in the networking infrastructure further pushes the pre-existing budgetary limits. This work intends to present an alternative (such as a virtual setup with SDN by using virtual resources) to the conventional physical networking resources. The overall objective is to reduce the cost of ownership to achieve the same functionality as that of physical resources. This work also identifies the challenges and obstacles in the adoption of SDN for such an emulation.