Muhammad Imran Yousuf

A Study of Attribution Patterns among High and Low Attribution Groups: An Application of Weiner's Attribution Theory

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to separate students with high causal attributions and low causal attributions of mainstream and religious sectors and to find out the effect of these causal attributions on students’ subsequent academic achievement. Sample of the study was 490 students of grade X from Rawalpindi and Islamabad districts of Pakistan. Out of these 490 students 260 belonged to mainstream schools and 230 came from religious schools. The design of study was causal comparative. The statistical techniques of frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, median, quartile deviations and t-test were used for analysis. The main conclusion drawn from the study was that there was significant difference between the academic achievement of intrinsically motivated students with high causal attributions and that of extrinsically motivated students with low causal attributions thus confirming Weiner’s attribution theory.

Fostering Collaboration To Enhance Online Instruction

The main aim of this research is to better understand and draw perceptions of course writers and course coordinators towards the process of developing distance learning material. For developing good self-instructional material cooperative efforts among course development personnel are essential. The study indicates the areas where contradiction is found among perceptions of a sample of seventy course coordinators and seventy course writes of Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan through a self developed questionnaire covering preparation, implementation and execution aspects of course development process.