Muhammad Isran Ramli

Accommodating flexible daily temporal constraint on a continuous choice model of departure time for urban shopping travel

This paper attempts to propose departure time choice model of travellers for one-day shopping travel based on the consideration of the availability of flexible temporal constraint during noon until evening, namely praying time. The model assumes that travellers decide their departure time to minimize the disutility of shortage stay time at the shopping centre, disutility of lateness home arrival time, and disutility of the flexible daily temporal constraint. It is applied to urban shopping travellers on the basis of their home-shopping, centre-home travel pattern. The model is confirmed by a goodness of fit test. It can be applied to develop a model of travel patterns and chosen in further studies.

Experimental Study of Moving Truck Emissions on Inter-City National Road: A Case Study of Malino Main Road

The research aimed to determine exhaust emission and speed of the truck when moving. Measurements were made using a mobile emission analyzer that absorbed emission from truck exhaust. Data collection was done by putting mobile emission analyzer on the right side of the vehicle which absorbs 5 emissions of approximately 5 minutes. The relationship of exhaust emission and speed uses the polynomial model of the average value of exhaust emission and speed. The reliability of mobile emission analyzer uses the multiplier factor to solve the data difference between mobile emission analyzer and Bosowa equipment. The results of research indicate emission of CO2, NOx, Smoke, CO, and HC forming driving cycle pattern. This pattern shows the pattern follows parabola tendency. Emission on damaged road is higher than good road although the emission values are not much different. However, the value of emission of Smoke is relatively equal in both road conditions.

Lidocaine suppressed hyperinflammation in BALB/c mice model sterile injury via downregulation of toll-like receptor 4

Abstract Background To study the efficacy of systemic lidocaine in suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein level in BALB/c mouse with sterile injury. Material and methods Twenty healthy adult male BALB/c mice were divided into lidocaine and control groups. The sterile injury was performed by breaking the left thigh bone of the mouse without laceration. Four hours after sterile injury the lidocaine group was treated with 2 mg/kg of lidocaine through tail vein injection. The same volume of distilled water was injected into control group instead of lidocaine. Blood was drawn from tail vein before injury, 4 h after sterile injury and 2 h after systemic lidocaine and distilled water administration. TLR4 protein level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The TLR4 protein level in mice that sustained hyper inflammation due to sterile injury was significantly decreased in the lidocaine group. (p < 0.00). Conclusion Systemic therapy of lidocaine effectively inhibits TLR4 protein in BALB/c mice that sustained hyperinflammation due to sterile injury.

Compressive Strength of Permeable Asphalt Pavement Using Domato Stone (Quarzite Dolomite) and Buton Natural Asphalt (BNA) Blend

 Abstract—This research aims to study the usability of domato stone as coarse aggregate in mixure of permeable asphalt pavement. This study focuses to examine the compressive strength and the stress strain relationship of permeable asphalt containing domato stone and BNA (Buton Natural Asphalt) Blend. Domato stone is a limestone containing quarzite dolomite that obtained from the coast of the Banggai island, Central Celebes. The test results shows that the stress strain curve of compression test results for dense asphalt concrete was similar to the stress strain curve of the porous asphalt using domato stone and BNA blend.The unconfined compressive test result of porous asphalt containing domato stone showed that the mixture with 4% BNA has compressive strength value 2.4MPa and void ratio 19.2%, respectively.

WEATHERING STAGE CONTROL OF TUFF AND ITS INFLUENCE TO THE MALINO–MANIPI LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY, SOUTH SULAWESI INDONESIA

In 2013 there has been 34 incidents of landslides which cut the roads linking between Gowa and Sinjai off. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on the stage of weathering of landslide in the study area. Methods used in this study are field survey, petrographic analysis, XRD analysis and shear strength testing of rock. Field survey results indicates that the area is dominated by tuffs that are partly volcanic breccia and lava. Petrographic analysis, showing the dominant composition of tuff with volcanic glass, bitownite, pyroxene and opaque minerals, and XRD analysis results indicate weathering tuffs that have experienced high and completely weathered contain smectite and halloysite clay types, and insitu shear strength test results indicate a strong shift to the lower tuff with high stage of weathering. Keywords: Susceptability to landslides, the stage of weathering, halloysite and smectite, shear strength, roads of Malino–Manipi