Muhammad Kaleem Khan

How website quality affects online impulse buying: Moderating effects of sales promotion and credit card use

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of website quality on online impulse buying behavior (OIBB) in China, and assess the moderating roles of sales promotion and credit card use. Design/methodology/approach An online and personal survey from 1,161 online shoppers belonging to three big cities of China – Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanjing – was conducted. A random sampling technique was utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Findings Three major findings discovered are: first, the website quality positively affects the OIBB; second, the sales promotion significantly influences OIBB and acts as a strong moderator on the relationship between website quality and online impulse buying; and third, the online impulse purchases are positively influenced by use of credit card, and the use of credit card enhances the relationship between website quality and online impulse buying. Research limitations/implications First, the website quality positively affects the OIBB; second, the sales promotion significantly influences OIBB and acts as a strong moderator in the relationship between website quality and online impulse buying; and third, online impulse purchases are positively influenced by credit card use. Moreover, credit card use enhances the relationship between website quality and online impulse buying. Originality/value This research is the first to investigate the relationship between website quality and OIBB in China, with sales promotion and credit card use as moderators.

Impulsive Buying: A Qualitative Investigation of the Phenomenon

The emphasis of this study is to explain the concept of impulsive buying behavior. Numerous definitions and clarifications of the singularities are examined. Impulsive buying had an important factor in the point of view of consumers as well as retailers. Model shown in this study is to classify the conventional IBB and online . Impulse buying behavior. Most of studies have focused only on conventional IBB, thus online IBB remained ignored. Many studies have only focused on impulse buying not retail online impulse buying and its advantages and drawbacks. Present study is important in existing literature as it considers the in depth science behind the impulse buying behavior of customers when they shop traditionally as well as online and also highlights the differentials in both. As online buying behavior is at the verge of becoming a substitute of traditional buying, so it needs to more emphasis of researchers so that fruitful policies can be suggested. Conferring to the results of this study we should know the differences in advantages and disadvantages of conventional impulse purchase and online impulse purchase. This study expands the concepts of IBB in the context of online and its benefits.

Online Impulse Buying on “Double Eleven” Shopping Festival: An Empirical Investigation of Utilitarian and Hedonic Motivations

“Double Eleven” online shopping festival has become the most celebrated and largest online shopping event in China. This phenomenon originates the need to explore impulse buying behavior in relationship of double eleven festival. This study aims to investigate the structural relationship between hedonic, utilitarian web browsing and online impulse buying behavior on “Double Eleven” shopping festival. Data was collected from 426 online shoppers in six different districts of Beijing. In order to assess the measurement model and to test the hypothesis structural equation modeling was utilized by using AMOS 21. Additionally, Reliability, Discriminant and convergent validity was used for the results of proposed model. The results of this study found that utilitarian and hedonic web browsing positively influence on online impulse shoppers with regard to “Double Eleven” shopping festival in China. To the best of our knowledge, this study is pioneer, aiming at exploring the dynamics of online impulse buying behavior with utilitarian and hedonic predictors with regard to biggest online shopping festival in China. This study provides a deep understanding of e-shoppers toward online impulse behavior in the field of Chinese e-commerce industry that can be generalized to other countries also. Implications for scholars and e-tail managers of our study are discussed.

Shopping Online Without Thinking: Myth or Reality

The purposefulness of this study is to assess the relationship between website personality and online impulse buying behavior in Chinese social commerce setting. Further, this paper examines the moderating role of sales promotion between website personality and online impulse buying. Data were collected from three cities of China—Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Structure equation modeling was utilized to analyze the measurement model and to test the study hypotheses. Additionally, reliability and validity tests were employed to validate the measurement scale. The findings of this study indicate that website personality is a strong predictor of online impulse buying. Sales promotion and positive affect of emotion, positively and significantly influence on online impulse buying; whereas negative affect of emotion influences negatively. The results suggest that e-tail managers and social application developer of Chinese social commerce should focus on web personality related attributes to induce the consumers to buy impulsively. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study has not been profoundly conducted in previous literature. This study also strengthens the knowledge of online impulse buying and website features in Chinese social commerce environment. Implications for social commerce marketing and e-tail managers are discussed.

An Analysis of Influence of Business Simulation Games on Business School Students’ Attitude and Intention Toward Entrepreneurial Activities:

Although research on entrepreneurial attitude and intention has received so much attention from scholars, only few studies have investigated the effect of value, usefulness, and pleasure associated with business simulation games, and how these values affect students’ attitude and intention toward entrepreneurial activities. In this study, Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior have been used in combination to explore how these technological teaching methods influence the attitude and intentions of the students toward entrepreneurial activities. The results show that all hypotheses have been proven by stating significant and positive students’ attitude and intention toward entrepreneurial activities using business simulation games. But subjective norms did not contribute toward student intentions in this regard. It is concluded that people with high uncertainty avoidance are reluctant to take the risk; therefore, there is a need to change their attitude by implementing entrepreneurial ecosystem in society.

Remedial role of financial development in corporate investment amid financing constraints and agency costs

The study investigates the role of financial development in boosting the investment efficiency of firms’ investments in China. Using a large sample of firm-level financial data and country level economic data over the period 2004–2015, present study creates a link between financial and real economy. Firms are priori classified into under- or over-invested and effect of financial development is analyzed individually on each classification by using panel data estimations. The research concludes that firms suffering from under- (over-) investment problem due to financing constraints (agency problem), are more likely to increase (decrease) their investment` in the response of underlying financial development in the economy. This study has demonstrated a novel approach by concurrently incorporating the monitoring and financing issues that disturb the optimal level of investments. Moreover, the findings give strong implications by suggesting and empirically proving the remedy that has the potential to balance the investment distortions by rectifying monitoring and financing deficiencies.

Optimal Ownership Pattern to Control Agency Conflict in Manufacturing Industry of Pakistan

Asymmetric information always creates conflict of interest between stakeholders. Purpose of this study is to discuss agency conflict from perspective of financiers, and suggesting its remedies as controlling mechanism. Monitoring role of different types of ownerships is studied. Study has investigated the impact of four different types of ownership structures namely; managerial ownership, family ownership, institutional ownership and ownership of block-holders on agency issue. Role of financial institutions is also discussed. To explore the agency problem from view point of both equity-holders and debt-holders, Agency cost is divided into agency cost of equity (ACE) and agency cost of debt (ACD). Study has also given empirical evidences to check the robustness of each monitoring mechanism. Using financial data of top capitalized 100 companies of Pakistan from 2010 to 2015; results are drawn by fix and random effect (GLS) model. Ownership of insiders, block-holders and institutions were found to be most effective monitoring devices for firms’ growth. Study also contains recommendations for investors and debtors.

Crowdfunding: An Innovative Approach to Start Up with Entrepreneurship

It is beyond any doubt that getting finance at eve of establishing the creative projects or entrepreneurial businesses is most difficult task. Creator may face difficulty, or failure sometimes, in gathering finance due to lack of relationships with venture capitalists or banks due to lack of sound financial track record or pledge. This paper is to introduce and explain the model of a new form of financing, crowdfunding (CF) for entrepreneurs or project initiator. This research suggests that the field is fragmented and undeveloped. It explains the distinct features and the key players of CF. Crowdfunding—a mechanism, by which an innovative or patronage idea may get into reality by gathering funds from a large number of people through internet, may prove the problem solver for entrepreneurs or creators who don’t have enough resources for their dream. Research has also shown business models of crowdfunding and different sources of funding. Based on the available empirical data, we have studied how it can be helpful for capital deficit units and what are its advantages and disadvantages from founder, funder and platform’s prospective.