Muhammad Mostafa Monowar

Multipath Congestion Control for Heterogeneous Traffic in Wireless Sensor Network

In order to achieve higher reliability and load balancing various multipath routing protocols have been proposed in Wireless Sensor Network. Moreover, wireless sensor network typically incorporates heterogeneous applications within the same network. A sensor node may have multiple sensors i.e. light, temperature, seismic etc with different transmission characteristics. Each application has different characteristics and requirements in terms of transmission rates, bandwidth, packet loss and delay demands may be initiated towards the sink. But achieving desired throughput for diverse data while disseminating through multiple paths is non trivial task as occurrence of congestion through multipath is obvious. In this paper we propose an efficient scheme to control multipath congestion so that the sink can get priority based throughput for heterogeneous data. We have used packet service ratio for detecting congestion as well as performed hop-by-hop multipath congestion control based on that metric. Finally, simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Thermal-Aware Multiconstrained Intrabody QoS Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) can be formed including implanted biosensors for health monitoring and diagnostic purposes. However, implanted biosensors could cause thermal damages on human tissue as it exhibits temperature rise due to wireless communication and processing tasks inside the human body. Again, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning with multiconstraints (delay and reliability) is a striking requirement for diverse application types in WBANs to meet their objectives. This paper proposes TMQoS, a thermal-aware multiconstrained intrabody QoS routing protocol for WBANs, with the aim of ensuring the desired multiconstrained QoS demands of diverse applications along with keeping the temperature of the nodes to an acceptable level preventing thermal damages. We develop a cross-layer proactive routing framework that constructs an ongoing routing table which includes multiple shortest-path routes to address diverse QoS requirements. To avoid the packets to traverse through heated areas known as hotspot, we devise a hotspot avoidance mechanism. The route selection algorithm of TMQoS selects forwarder(s) based on the intended QoS demands of diverse traffic classes. The performance of TMQoS has been evaluated through simulation which demonstrates that the protocol achieves desired QoS demands while maintaining low temperature in the network compared to the state-of-the-art thermal-aware approaches.

A QoS Adaptive Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Network

In wireless sensor networks congestion occurs in intermediate nodes while data packets travel from source to sink. Congestion causes packet loss which in turn drastically decreases network performance and throughput As sensors are energy constraint so it is a decisive task to detect the congestion and congested regions in a network to perform congestion control. In addition to that different application i.e. real time and non-real time data in sensor network have different QoS (delay, link utilization, and packet loss) guarantee requirement In this paper we proposed a new QoS adaptive cross-layer approach to control the congestion and support QoS guarantee for different application data in sensor network. This approach maintains two congestion control algorithm to control namely short-term and long-term congestion. To ensure real time and non-real time data flow, hop-by-hop QoS aware scheduling and QoS distributed MAC Manager are considered. The experimental outputs of this work are able to show that proposed scheme gives guaranteed QoS for different application data and gives a noticeable performance in terms of energy analysis and lifetime of the network.

McMAC: Towards a MAC Protocol with Multi-Constrained QoS Provisioning for Diverse Traffic in Wireless Body Area Networks

The emergence of heterogeneous applications with diverse requirements for resource-constrained Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) poses significant challenges for provisioning Quality of Service (QoS) with multi-constraints (delay and reliability) while preserving energy efficiency. To address such challenges, this paper proposes McMAC, a MAC protocol with multi-constrained QoS provisioning for diverse traffic classes in WBANs. McMAC classifies traffic based on their multi-constrained QoS demands and introduces a novel superframe structure based on the “transmit-whenever-appropriate” principle, which allows diverse periods for diverse traffic classes according to their respective QoS requirements. Furthermore, a novel emergency packet handling mechanism is proposed to ensure packet delivery with the least possible delay and the highest reliability. McMAC is also modeled analytically, and extensive simulations were performed to evaluate its performance. The results reveal that McMAC achieves the desired delay and reliability guarantee according to the requirements of a particular traffic class while achieving energy efficiency.

Congestion control protocol for wireless sensor networks handling prioritized heterogeneous traffic

Heterogeneous applications could be assimilated within the same wireless sensor network with the aid of modern motes that have multiple sensor boards on a single radio board. Different types of data generated from such types of motes might have different transmission characteristics in terms of priority, transmission rate, required bandwidth, tolerable packet loss, delay demands etc. Considering a sensor network consisting of such multi-purpose nodes, in this paper we propose Prioritized Heterogeneous Traffic-oriented Congestion Control Protocol (PHTCCP) which ensures efficient rate control for prioritized heterogeneous traffic. Our protocol uses intra-queue and inter-queue priorities for ensuring feasible transmission rates of heterogeneous data. It also guarantees efficient link utilization by using dynamic transmission rate adjustment. Detailed analysis and simulation results are presented along with the description of our protocol to demonstrate its effectiveness in handling prioritized heterogeneous traffic in wireless sensor networks.

On Designing Thermal-Aware Localized QoS Routing Protocol for in-vivo Sensor Nodes in Wireless Body Area Networks

In this paper, we address the thermal rise and Quality-of-Service (QoS) provisioning issue for an intra-body Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) having in-vivo sensor nodes. We propose a thermal-aware QoS routing protocol, called TLQoS, that facilitates the system in achieving desired QoS in terms of delay and reliability for diverse traffic types, as well as avoids the formation of highly heated nodes known as hotspot(s), and keeps the temperature rise along the network to an acceptable level. TLQoS exploits modular architecture wherein different modules perform integrated operations in providing multiple QoS service with lower temperature rise. To address the challenges of highly dynamic wireless environment inside the human body. TLQoS implements potential-based localized routing that requires only local neighborhood information. TLQoS avoids routing loop formation as well as reduces the number of hop traversal exploiting hybrid potential, and tuning a configurable parameter. We perform extensive simulations of TLQoS, and the results show that TLQoS has significant performance improvements over state-of-the-art approaches.

A Capacity Aware Data Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless link capacity within a sensor network has direct impact on its performance and throughput. Due to dense sensor deployment, interference seems to be a key factor for varying radio link capacity and also for congestion at hot spot region. Thus it is important to handle interference while removing in-network hot spots. The main goal of this paper is to achieve maximum utilization of link capacity for each sensor node controlling congestion related packet losses. Therefore in this paper we proposed an interference and capacity aware data transport protocol for sensor networks which performs rate control over congested wireless links. Proposed approach identifies the congested links that exists in hot spots and then adapts data transmission rate of corresponding sensor nodes. Perception of radio link interferences i.e. intra-path and inter-path interferences are used to estimate the capacity of each link. Finally simulation outputs have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed task and showed a noticeable performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet delivery latency and sensors runtime buffer size.

nW-MAC: multiple wake-up provisioning in asynchronously scheduled duty cycle MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

To reduce the energy cost of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the duty cycle (i.e., periodic wake-up and sleep) concept has been used in several medium access control (MAC) protocols. Although these protocols are energy efficient, they are primarily designed for low-traffic environments and therefore sacrifice delay in order to maximize energy conservation. However, many applications having both low and high traffic demand a duty cycle MAC that is able to achieve better energy utilization with minimum energy loss ensuring delay optimization for timely and effective actions. In this paper, nW-MAC is proposed; this is an asynchronously scheduled and multiple wake-up provisioned duty cycle MAC protocol for WSNs. The nW-MAC employs an asynchronous rendezvous schedule selection technique to provision a maximum of n wake-ups in the operational cycle of a receiver. The proposed MAC is suitable to perform in both low- and high-traffic applications using a reception window-based medium access with a specific RxOp. Furthermore, per cycle multiple wake-up concept ensures optimum energy consumption and delay maintaining a higher throughput, as compare to existing mechanisms. Through analysis and simulations, we have quantified the energy-delay performance and obtained results that expose the effectiveness of nW-MAC.

A Density Based Clustering for Node Management in Wireless Sensor Network

This paper represents a new clustering approach for wireless sensor network. It is a decentralized algorithm having the topology control information in each sensor node. A post leader selection algorithm is acted upon each of the clusters just after their formation. Experimental validation shows that the proposed scheme is an efficient approach for sensor node management.

A load-aware energy-efficient and throughput-maximized asynchronous duty cycle MAC for wireless sensor networks

Being a pivotal resource, conservation of energy has been considered as the most striking issue in the wireless sensor network research. Several works have been performed in the last years to devise duty cycle based MAC protocols which optimize energy conservation emphasizing low traffic load scenario. In contrast, considering the high traffic situation, another research trend has been continuing to optimize both energy efficiency and channel utilization employing rate and congestion control at the MAC layer. In this paper, we propose A Load-aware Energy-efficient and Throughput-maximized Asynchronous Duty Cycle MAC (LET-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks to provide an integrated solution at the MAC layer considering both the low-and high-traffic scenario. Through extensive simulation using ns-2, we have evaluated the performance of LET-MAC. LET-MAC achieves significant energy conservation during low traffic load (i.e., no event), compared to the prior asynchronous protocol, RI-MAC, as well as attains optimal throughput through maximizing the channel utilization and maintains lower delay in regard to the CSMA/CA-like protocol during a high volume of traffic (i.e., when an event occurs).