Muhammad Murtadha Othman

Optimal sizing and operational strategy of hybrid renewable energy system using homer

Nowadays, the power system utility has started to consider the green power technology in order for the world to have a healthier environment. The wind energy and solar energy system are chosen in designing a hybrid renewable power system as they do not release any emission to the atmosphere. In addition, by maximizing the use of the renewable energy, the diesel generator used in the system could also be reduced. Therefore, this paper will discuss on the optimization of the renewable energy hybrid system based on the sizing and operational strategy of generating system. The optimization software used in this analysis is the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER). The sensitivity analysis is also performed to obtain the optimal configuration of hybrid renewable energy based on different combinations of generating system.

Transmission loss minimization using SVC based on Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper describes optimal sizing of static var compensator (SVC) based on Particle Swarm Optimization for minimization of transmission losses considering cost function. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one of the artificial intelligent search approaches which has the potential to solve such a problem. For this study, static var compensator (SVC) is chosen as the compensation device. Validation through the implementation on the IEEE 26-bus system shows that the PSO is found feasible to achieve the task. The simulations results are compared with those obtained from the Bee Algorithm (BA) technique in the attempt to highlight its merit.

Contingency based congestion management and cost minimization using bee colony optimization technique

Unexpected contingency occurrence in a power system network can lead to high current flow in the system. This has made the system to be in a stressed condition which causes congestion to the system, while instability can be the next unpredictable incident. High current flow may also impose high fuel cost of the generators. Thus, congestion needs to be managed properly in order to reduce the undesired current flow in the transmission line for maintaining system security. This paper presents contingency based congestion management and cost minimization using bee colony optimization technique. In this study, bee colony optimization technique is applied to optimize the current flow in the system such that system security is preserved; considering transmission lines as the control variables. N-1 contingency is considered as the forecasted event, implemented offline so that the performance of the system can be evaluated. Cost minimization is also conducted by controlling the transmission constraints in the system. Validation through the IEEE 30-reliability test system and 6-Bus test system are conducted to simulate the scenarios.

Particle swarm optimization techniques for optimal location and sizing of thyristor controlled series capacitor

One of the disturbances experienced by the power system is increase in loading condition, which often led the system to no longer remains in secure operating region. When the power system is exposed to any kind of time delay and inaccessibility of control scheme, system may become inconsistent leading to uncontrolled condition. Under this condition, the main purpose of the operator is to execute control actions to get the system back into the secure operating regions. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device is one of the devices, which can be inserting to control power system stability improvement. This paper describes the optimal placement and sizing of TCSC using on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The objective function for this study is to minimize the transmission loss, increase the voltage profile, while considering the cost of installation. Effect of weight coefficient and effect of population size during the optimization process towards obtaining the solution is also explored. To validate the proposed techniques, simulations are performed on an IEEE 30-bus system.

Cascading Collapse Assessment Considering Hidden Failure

Hidden failure relay protection is the major cause of cascading failure in power system. Therefore, in this study, a hidden failure model has been developed to study the impact of certain parameter that could cause cascading collapse. The parameters that could lead to major blackout include system loading level, spinning reserve, hidden failure probability and other factors. As the overall load is the key factor that could affect the risk of cascading outages, this study will reveal the impact of it to the system. A test system of IEEE 24 bus RTS is used as a case study. The hidden failure model adopts here is the steady state analysis, which is caused by line tripping. The significant loads at which blackout risk sharply increases are identifiable for cascading collapse. This study can provide guidance for the utility on when and how to mitigate the cascading collapse from spreading to the entire power system. This study also can determine the critical loading in the risk of cascading failure.

Placement and sizing of thyristor controlled series compensator using PSO based technique for loss minimization

Minimizing the transmission loss in power system is one of the important issues in power system research these days. Transmission loss can be reduced by installing reactive power compensation components. Installing the thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) in power system has been known to increase the voltage level in the system and hence reduce the system losses. This paper describes placement and sizing of FACTS devices based on Particle Swarm Optimization for minimization of transmission loss considering voltage profile and cost function. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one of the artificial intelligent search approaches which have the potential in solving such a problem. In this study one of FACTS device is used as a scheme for transmission loss. For this study, TCSC is chosen as the compensation device. Validation through the implementation on the IEEE 30-bus system indicated that PSO is feasible to achieve the task. The simulation results are compared with those obtained from the Evolutionary Programming (EP) technique in the attempt to highlight its merit.

Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator planning using Evolutionary Programming for transmission loss minimization for system under contingencies

The increment of power demand can cause a rapid reduction in voltage profile that can disrupt system stability leading to potential failure on the entire system as the system has to work under a stressed condition. Thus, the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) are integrated in power system to control the power flow in specific lines and improve the security of transmission line. This paper proposes a static voltage stability index (SVSI) for placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and used Evolutionary Programming (EP) techniques for optimal sizing of TCSC used for system under contingencies. The objective of the study is to minimize the total real power losses, and at the same time monitoring the voltage profile along with the installation cost. Critical contingency cases have been used to decide optimal sizing for the placement of TCSC. The TCSC devices are installed in the system in order to enhance the system security; performed on the IEEE 30-bus RTS for several loading conditions. The simulations results are compared with those obtained from the Artificial Immune System (AIS) technique in the attempt to highlight its merit.

Outcome Based Education Performance Evaluation on Electrical Engineering laboratory module

Implementing Outcome Based Education (OBE) in evaluating program outcomes is a standard practice nowadays at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FEE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Previously, laboratory assessments method was merely based only on lab report submitted by each group of students and the procedure is inconsistence as each module consists of different area of electrical engineering fields and involves many lecturers from various disciplines in the FEE. Furthermore, there were no specific guidelines for grading the report and lecturers would rely on their experiences, resulting large variance of judgments in giving the marks. To overcome such problem, an OBE assessment tool known as Laboratory Sensor Performance Evaluation Course Tool (LAB-SPECT) has been designed recently for evaluating laboratory modules. This tool has taken into account additional students attributes that represents teamwork skill, practical skill and ethical in the lab. With rubrics table provided, it has successfully facilitated lecturers to evaluate students fairly in terms of their Group Related Skills (GRS) besides than the laboratory report. Each of the assessment section in this process is addressing the respective the course outcome (CO) and program outcome (PO). The output plots produced by this tool would be used as indicators for Continual Quality Improvement (CQI) recommendations.

Reliability evaluation of a composite power system containing wind and solar generation

Variability and uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic (PV) generations greatly influence technical and financial aspects of power systems. This paper examines the potential impacts of large-scale wind and PV farms on reliability level of composite generation and transmission systems. At first, reliability models of renewable-based units are developed. In these models, both component failure rates and uncertainty nature of renewable resources are taken into account. Using the proposed technique, the multi-state analytical models of a wind farm placed in Manjil and a PV farm placed in Jask both in Iran are extracted. Then, reliability studies of high renewable-energies penetrated power system at Hierarchical Level II (HLII) based on the state enumeration method taking into account the multi-state models of renewable-based units are completely addressed. The proposed technique is then applied to two well-known modified test systems, i.e. (RBTS and IEEE-RTS) and different reliability indices are calculated. The obtained results well confirms the proposed method simplicity and accuracy.

Mathematical model of sea wave energy in electricity generation

This paper presents the conceptual model for pressure amplification in harnessing sea wave energy to generate electricity. It is named as AH Presto 1 which is the short form for Air-Hydraulic Pressure Storage Version 1. The idea of the concept is converting the air pressure generated from undulating sea water free surface inside the oscillating wave column (OWC) chamber adopting the concept done from previous study by few scientists and to amplify the hydraulic pressure which can be stored in hydraulic accumulator for consistent pressure distribution source for electricity generation. The OWC is commonly and widely used in the existing wave energy converter (WEC) devices to extract the energy from sea waves. Mathematical model is used in proving the energy conversion and pressure amplification. Initially, basic conceptual model is developed to represent the whole process from the sea wave signal until the final output. Several sub-modules have been developed to integrate the complete system. Amongst the sub-modules are; sea wave energy extraction and air pressure development using OWC, air pressure to hydraulic pressure amplification, hydraulic pressure storage; hydraulic pressure distribution, gearing system and electricity generation. Mathematical equations have also been derived in this study to represent the processes involved in each stage.