Muhammad Mustaqim

Wideband E-shaped antenna design for WLAN applications

This paper presents a design, simulation and optimization study of a coaxial-fed wideband E-Shaped patch antenna that is suitable for 5 GHz WLAN applications. The bandwidth of the antenna was enhanced from 8.5% to 17.5% by changing the antenna shape from square patch to E-shaped patch. The proposed antenna gives an overall bandwidth of about 1 GHz and operates between 5-6 GHz frequency bands. The design has also been optimized to minimize the antenna size with desired characteristics and antenna width has been reduced from 19.2 mm to 15.8 mm. The antenna is designed on a glass microfiber substrate having thickness h = 3.175 mm and dielectric constant εr = 2.2. The antenna design and simulation is performed using Agilent ADS Momentum simulator. The simulation results against different E-shaped antenna parameters have been analyzed and discussed. Other antenna performance parameters like gain, directivity, return loss, radiation pattern and bandwidth have also been studied and analyzed.

Dual U-slot triple band microstrip patch antenna for next generation wireless networks

This paper presents a design, simulation and optimization study of a dual U-slot triple-band microstrip patch antenna. The designed antenna generates the triple frequency bands of 2.46GHz, 3.28GHz and 5.38GHz which can be used in the IEEE 802.16 WiMax and next generation wireless network applications. The achieved gains/bandwidths from the designed antenna for the WiMax bands are 4.2dBi/2.31%, 2.7dBi/2.41% and 1.5dBi/2.49% respectively. The proposed antenna is designed using FR4 substrate with transmission-line feeding method. A detailed simulation study is conducted to understand the behavior of the two U-slots. It can be seen from the proposed antenna design that every U-slot generates a separate resonance frequency. The third frequency band is generated, when both the U-slots are placed together in a single antenna element. A bridging element is also used to shift the three frequencies to lower bands. The proposed antenna is designed using Agilent ADS Momentum simulator. The E-plane and H-plane patterns in the results validates that the design is well-adapted to the desired triple-bands. The return loss (S11) characteristics for the triple-bands are -18.74dB at 2.46GHz, -19.91 dB at 3.28GHz and -18.98dB at 5.38GHz respectively which suggest good antenna performance. The proposed antenna can be used in future as a template to form larger arrays.

UWB wearable antenna for next generation wireless body area networks (WBANs)

The IEEE 802.15.6 is a WBAN communication standard which is covering on/off body and in body communications. The ultra wideband (UWB) is one of the possible technologies which can be utilized in future for the WBAN applications due to high data-rate transmission capability. In this paper, the design, optimization and simulation of a UWB antenna using FR4 and jeans fabric substrates is presented for on-body communication in WBANs. It operates in the 3.6-11.3GHz frequency band. The antenna simulation results i.e. reflection coefficient, 2D and 3D radiation patterns, directivity, gain and efficiency are presented. The maximum achieved gain for the UWB wearable antenna is 1.9dBi and 2.36dBi respectively for FR4 and jeans substrates. Simple design procedures and optimization techniques are discussed and the antennas are designed using Agilent advance design system - momentum simulator.

A log-periodic microstrip patch antenna design for dual band operation in next generation Wireless LAN applications

In this paper, the design and simulation study of a dual-band inset-fed log-periodic microstrip patch antenna is presented for next generation Wireless LANs. The microstrip antennas are preferred for applications where small size antennas are required which leads to the drawback like narrow bandwidth. To overcome this shortcoming in microstrip antennas, several design techniques are proposed one of which is log-periodic antenna design which is studied in this paper. The aim of this study is to propose an antenna design that can operate at both Wireless LAN frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5GHz. The designed antenna consists of four radiating elements which cover IEEE 802.11 a/b/g Wireless LAN bands. Two inset-fed antenna elements are used for single frequency band i.e. for 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. The dimensions of single element were calculated using transmission-line model. The layout of the antenna was simulated in momentum - an EM tool of Agilents Advance design (ADS) system simulator.

A thin and flexible ultra wideband antenna for wireless body area networks with reduced ground plane effect

In this paper, the design, simulation and optimization study of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless body area network is presented. The UWB technology provides wideband wireless communication using very narrow pulses and at very low spectral densities. The Federal Commission of Communication allocates the bandwidth of ultra wideband from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for the unlicensed radio applications. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated in Agilent advance design system - momentum, an electromagnetic simulator that works on method of moment technique. The antenna is designed using RT/duroid 5880 (εr = 2.2 and h = 0.381mm), a thin and flexible substrate suitable for wearable antennas in body area networks and FR4 substrate (εr = 4.6 and h = 1.6mm). The dimensions of the proposed design for both the substrates is calculated using the well known transmission-line model. An offset feeding technique is used to feed the antenna. The maximum achieved antenna gain and bandwidth using RT/duroid 5880 substrate is 2.96dBi and 8.3GHz, whereas using FR4 substrate is 2.52dBi and 7.7GHz, respectively. The proposed design uses a reduced ground plane technique to achieve the wide bandwidth characteristic.

An Architecture for Real Time Monitoring Aerial Adhoc Network

Aerial Adhoc Networks are the new class of wireless adhoc networks, where node motion is not restricted in 2D plane as in (VANETs) but rather a 3D plane as these wireless nodes may be mounted on board Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Current research literature argues that since flights occur at high altitudes, Line of Sight (LoS) propagation models suffice for such wireless transmissions between nodes. However, recently they find their applications at low flying altitudes for surveillance of buildings or field games e.g. soccer. This paper investigates the suitability of MANET routing protocols for Aerial Adhoc Networks under these practical circumstances where Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) communication is possible albeit at low flying speeds. Performance metrics considered are proactive and reactive routing protocol efficiency for transmission of real time traffic at low altitude, low speed Aerial Adhoc Networks with NLOS propagation and comparison is made with high altitude, high speed Aerial Adhoc Networks transmission with LoS propagation in different frequency bands. Simulation carried out in Network Simulator-3 provide insight on routing protocol performance under these scenarios. Finally we also propose an architecture for practical application of MANET routing protocols to these aerial applications.

Antenna array design for multi-UAVs communication in next generation Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs)

In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna and its 1×2, 1×4 and 2×4 arrays are proposed for Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) communication in multi-UAV systems. The antennas and arrays resonate in the 5GHz band and have been optimized for high bandwidth and gain. The antennas and arrays are proposed and designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880LZ substrate which is light weight and has specific applications in UAV antennas. The bandwidth achieved by 5880LZ antenna and arrays is 500-530MHz. The efficiency of the single element 5880LZ antenna is 91.7%. The gain and directivity of the 5880LZ antenna has been increased from 9.2dBi to 15.8dBi and 9.6dBi to 17.6dBi respectively by designing 1×2, 1×4 and 2×4 arrays. The antennas are designed using Agilent advance design system - momentum simulator.

A 1×2 circular patch antenna array for next generation 802.11ac WLAN applications

In this paper, design, simulation and optimization study of a 1×2 circular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array for next generation 802.11ac wireless LAN (WLAN) is presented. The IEEE 802.11ac is a set of MAC layer enhancements for higher throughput in the 5GHz band. This emerging standard provides wider channels, higher throughput and efficient use of spectrum. The proposed antenna array is designed and simulated using Agilent ADS momentum. The antenna array is designed using the FR4 substrate (εr = 4.6 and h = 1.6mm). The dimensions of the proposed design is calculated using the transmission-line model. An inset-feed with quarter-wave transformer is used to feed the antenna elements. The proposed design improves the shortcomings of a classical rectangular MPA. Hence, the maximum achieved bandwidth and gain of the 1×2 circular patch antenna array are 292MHz and 5.17dBi respectively. The proposed array may be used as a template to form larger arrays which can be used in next generation 802.11ac WLANs.

Antenna array for 5 th generation 802.11ac Wi-Fi applications

In this paper, the design and simulation study of a compact 8-element MIMO antenna system for next generation IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi application is presented. The IEEE 802.11ac is an emerging WLAN standard which operates at 5GHz band. The real challenges for IEEE 802.11ac are to meet the recent functional demands and the extensive wireless market growth expected in next 3-5 years. The aim of this research is to propose an antenna design that can operate at 5GHz WLAN band and facilitates the features that conform to 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard requirements. The proposed antenna design consists of eight radiating elements and a gap coupled inset-feed technique is incorporated to achieve better performance by the MIMO antenna array. The dimensions of the patch antenna were calculated using transmission-line model whereas layouts of the single element antenna and the array are simulated on two different platforms i.e. momentum - an EM tool of Agilents advance design system (ADS) system simulator based on method of moments technique and CST microwave studio which is based on finite difference time domain technique. In the end, the comparative analysis of the antenna simulation results using both the techniques is presented.