Muhammad Shoaib Saleem

If 4-convex vectors are closed in uniform norms then their second derivatives are also closed in weighted L2 -norm

Abstract: In this paper, we develop the weighted energy estimates for arbitrary 4-convex vectors and the vectors having both 4-convex and 4-concave functions as their arguments. To do this, we first develop these estimates for smooth 4convex vectors and then, through mollification, extend the results for arbitrary 4-convex vectors. This type of estimates are valuable in problems of financial mathematics for the establishment of optimal investment strategies

Urease inhibitory potential of extracts and active phytochemicals of Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae)

Abstract Urease inhibition potential of compound (1), guaiane-type sesquiterpene (2), confertin (3) and scopoletin (4) was carried out with high throughout mechanism-based assay. These compounds were isolated from Hypochaeris radicata L., an Asteraceae family member. The pure compounds were screened for their urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate fractions were subjected to column chromatography, which resulted in the isolation and purification of four compounds (1–4). On evaluation, compounds (1–4) exhibited selective activity against urease enzyme with an IC50 value of 180.11 ± 2.00, 27.18 ± 0.80, 24.12 ± 0.2 and 30.12 ± 1.10 µM respectively. The compounds (1–4) were found to be inactive against carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Thiourea was used as standard inhibitor (21 ± 0.14 µM) of urease enzyme. Graphical Abstract

On approximation and energy estimates for delta 6-convex functions

The smooth approximation and weighted energy estimates for delta 6-convex functions are derived in this research. Moreover, we conclude that if 6-convex functions are closed in uniform norm, then their third derivatives are closed in weighted L2

Carbonic Anhydrase and Urease Inhibitory Potential of Various Plant Phenolics Using in vitro and in silico Methods

L^{2}

In-vitro Antifungal Activity of Three Selected Pakistani Medicinal Plants

-norm.

Reverse Poincaré-type inequalities for the difference of superharmonic functions

Plant phenolics are known to display many pharmacological activities. In the current study, eight phenolic compounds, e.g., luteolin 5‐O‐β‐glucoside (1), methyl rosmarinate (2), apigenin (3), vicenin 2 (4), lithospermic acid (5), soyasaponin II (6), rubiadin 3‐O‐β‐primeveroside (7), and 4‐(β‐d‐glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (8), isolated from various plant species were tested at 0.2 mm against carbonic anhydrase‐II (CA‐II) and urease using microtiter assays. Urease inhibition rate for compounds 1 – 8 ranged between 5.0 – 41.7%, while only compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed a considerable inhibition over 50% against CA‐II with the IC50 values of 73.5 ± 1.05, 39.5 ± 1.14, and 104.5 ± 2.50 μm, respectively, where IC50 of the reference (acetazolamide) was 21.0 ± 0.12 μm. In silico experiments were also performed through two docking softwares (Autodock Vina and i‐GEMDOCK) in order to find out interactions between the compounds and CA‐II. Actually, compounds 6 (30.0%) and 7 (42.0%) possessed a better binding capability toward the active site of CA‐II. According to our results obtained in this study, among the phenolic compounds screened, particularly 1, 2, and 4 appear to be the promising inhibitors of CA‐II and may be further investigated as possible leads for diuretic, anti‐glaucoma, and antiepileptic agents.