Muhammad Subhan

Environmental sustainability strategies and impacts

Given the relevance of environmental sustainability, the aim of the present paper is twofold: first, to investigate the impact of strategies implemented by Northport, Klang in order to be environmentally sustainable, and, second, to ascertain the priorities of these strategies. Using qualitative research design, data was collected through semi-structured interview with the officers in charge of environment at the Northport, Klang, Malaysia. Findings indicate that strategies implemented by the port have been successful in reducing emission and improve air quality, a big step to being environmentally sustainable. Several criteria were used to prioritize the strategies, chief among them are implementation cost and time, maintenance cost and reduction of carbon emission.

An empirical study of foreign direct investments of Malaysian multinationals: wholly-owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures

This article aims to provide an insight into the use of foreign direct investments of Malaysian multinationals as market entry modes. We developed a conceptual framework incorporating levels of control, competencies, and costs of foreign investments for market entry modes as wholly-owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures and tested our model with a survey of CEOs and managing directors at Malaysian multinational companies. Our findings suggest Malaysian multinationals are strongly influenced by their strategic motivations and their desire to exploit synergies in their choice of entry mode between wholly-owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures.