Muhammed Bora Demircelik

Association of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with severity and complexity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

The SYNTAX score (SXscore) is an anatomic scoring system based on coronary angiography (CA) that not only quantifies lesion severity and complexity but also predicts poor cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Recent studies have shown that platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is associated with worse outcomes in many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PLR with the severity and complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by the SXscore in patients with ACS who underwent urgent CA. A total of 1,016 patients with ACS who underwent urgent CA were included in the study from August 2012 to March 2014. Admission PLR values were calculated before CA was performed. The SXscore was determined from baseline CA. The patients were divided into 2 groups, those with low SXscores (≤22) and those with intermediate to high SXscores (≥23). PLRs were significantly higher in patients with intermediate to high SXscores compared with those with low SXscores (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the groups with high PLR and intermediate to high SXscores. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of intermediate to high SXscore were PLR (odds ratio 1.018, 95% confidence interval 1.013 to 1.023, p<0.001) together with the left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio 0.935, 95% confidence interval 0.910 to 0.960, p<0.001), and age (odds ratio 1.029, 95% confidence interval 1.029 to 1.054, p=0.02). A PLR≥116 had 71% sensitivity and 66% specificity in predicting intermediate to high SXscore. In conclusion, the PLR at admission is significantly associated with the severity and complexity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with ACS. Increased PLR is an independent predictor of higher SXscore in patients with ACS who undergo urgent CA.

High Levels of Serum Uric Acid Impair Development of Coronary Collaterals in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

We evaluated the association of serum uric acid (SUA) level and development of coronary collateral vessels (CCVs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients (n = 224) with ACS were included in the study. Coronary collateral vessels were graded according to the Rentrop scoring system. Rentrop grade 0 was accepted as absence of CCV (group 1; n = 117) and Rentrop grade ≥1 was accepted as presence of CCV (group 2; n = 107). Rentrop 0-1 (poor CCV) were determined in 167 patients and Rentrop 2-3 (good CCV) were determined in 57 patients. Both presence of CCV (P < .001) and development of good CCV (P = .003) were significantly associated with low levels of SUA. We suggest that high levels of SUA affect the CCV development negatively in nondiabetic and nonhypertensive patients with ACS.

Serum albumin levels on admission are associated with angiographic no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Low serum albumin (SA) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether baseline SA levels are associated with no-reflow following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). A total of 536 patients (aged 60 ± 13 years; 74% men) who underwent pPCI were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups: no-reflow and normal-reflow. No-reflow was defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ≤2 flow. Admission SA levels were significantly lower in the no-reflow group than in the normal-reflow group (3.55 ± 0.44 vs 4.01 ± 0.32 mg/dL, P < .001). Also, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), creatinine, creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme, and troponin T were significantly higher while hemoglobin and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly lower in the no-reflow group. In multivariate analysis, SA level remained an independent predictor of angiographic no-reflow (odds ratio 0.114, 95% confidence interval 0.032-0.405, P = .001) together with LVEF, hsCRP, and baseline culprit artery patency. Admission SA level was an independent predictor of no-reflow after pPCI.

Red Cell Distribution Width Predicts Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome

We investigated the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients (aged 61 ± 12, 69% men) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS (n = 662) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: CIN and no CIN. Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% above baseline within 72 hours after PCI. Contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 81 (12.2%) patients. Red cell distribution width, creatinine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the CIN group than in the no-CIN group. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that baseline RDW level (odds ratio 1.379, 95% confidence interval 1.084-1.753, P = .009), age (P = .025), creatinine (P = .004), and left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .011) were independent risk factors for the development of CIN. In conclusion, increased RDW levels are independently associated with a greater risk of CIN in patients undergoing PCI for ACS.

Association Between N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome

Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at higher risk for CIN. N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is closely linked to the prognosis as a strong predictor of both short‐ and long‐term mortality in patients with ACS.

Epicardial adipose tissue and pericoronary fat thickness measured with 64-multidetector computed tomography: potential predictors of the severity of coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between pericoronary fat and the severity and extent of atherosclerosis, quantified using 64-multidetector computed tomography, in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. METHODS: The study population consisted of 131 patients who were clinically referred for noninvasive multislice computed tomography coronary angiography for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Patients were classified as follows: no atherosclerosis, Group 1; nonobstructive atherosclerosis (luminal narrowing <50% in diameter), Group 2; and obstructive atherosclerosis (luminal narrowing ≥50%) in a single vessel or obstructive atherosclerosis in the left main coronary artery and/or multiple vessels, Group 3. Epicardial adipose tissue was defined as the adipose tissue between the surface of the heart and the visceral layer of the pericardium (visceral epicardium). Epicardial adipose tissue thickness (mm) was determined in the right ventricular anterior free wall. The mean thickness of the pericoronary fat surrounding the three coronary arteries was used for the analyses. RESULTS: The average thickness over all three regions was 13.2 ± 2.1 mm. The pericoronary fat thickness was significantly increased in Group 3 compared with Groups 2 and 1. The epicardial adipose tissue thickness was significantly increased in Group 3 compared with Groups 2 and 1. A receiver operating characteristic curve for obstructive coronary artery disease was assessed to verify the optimum cut-off point for pericoronary fat thickness, which was 13.8 mm. A receiver operating characteristic curve for obstructive coronary artery disease was also assessed to verify the optimum cut-off point for epicardial adipose tissue, which was 6.8 cm. CONCLUSION: We showed that the epicardial adipose tissue and pericoronary fat thickness scores were higher in patients with obstructive coronary artery diseases.

Association between Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Objective: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at higher risk of CIN. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is closely linked to inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that PLR levels on admission can predict the development of CIN after PCI for ACS. Subjects and Methods: A total of 426 patients (mean age 63.17 ± 13.01 years, 61.2% males) with ACS undergoing PCI were enrolled in this study. Admission PLR levels were measured before PCI. Serum creatinine values were measured before and within 72 h after the administration of contrast agents. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the CIN group and the no-CIN group. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dl or 25% above baseline within 72 h after contrast administration. Results: CIN developed in 53 patients (15.9%). Baseline PLR was significantly higher in patients who developed CIN compared to those who did not (160.8 ± 29.7 and 135.1 ± 26.1, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses found that PLR [odds ratio (OR) 3.453, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.453-8.543; p = 0.004] and admission creatinine (OR 6.511, 95% CI 1.759-11.095; p = 0.002) were independent predictors of CIN. Conclusions: The admission PLR level is an independent predictor of the development of CIN after PCI in ACS.

Effect of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial appendage function and thrombotic potential in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate effects of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial appendage functions, spontaneous echo contrast and thrombus formation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. METHODS In 58 patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrilation and preserved left ventricular systolic function, left atrial appendage functions, left atrial spontaneous echo contrast grading and left ventricular diastolic functions were evaluated using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiogram. Patients divided in two groups: Group D (n=30): Patients with diastolic dysfunction, Group N (n=28): Patients without diastolic dysfunction. Categorical variables in two groups were evaluated with Pearsons chi-square or Fishers exact test. The significance of the lineer correlation between the degree of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and clinical measurements was evaluated with Spearmans correlation analysis. RESULTS Peak pulmonary vein D velocity of the Group D was significantly higher than the Group N (p=0.006). However, left atrial appendage emptying velocity, left atrial appendage lateral wall velocity, peak pulmonary vein S, pulmonary vein S/D ratio were found to be significantly lower in Group D (p=0.028, p<0.001, p<0.001; p<0.001). Statistically significant negative correlation was found between SEC in left atrium and left atrial appendage emptying, filling, pulmonary vein S/D levels and lateral wall velocities respectively (r=-0.438, r=-0.328, r=-0.233, r=-0.447). Left atrial appendage emptying, filling, pulmonary vein S/D levels and lateral wall velocities were significantly lower in SEC 2-3-4 than SEC 1 (p=0.003, p=0.029, p<0.001, p=0.002). CONCLUSION In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial appendage functions are decreased in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may constitute a potential risk for formation of thrombus and stroke.

Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients Undergoing 64-Multidetector Computed Tomography

Background and Objectives The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether the RDW measures are associated with the coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in patients who did not present with obvious coronary heart disease (CHD). Subjects and Methods A total of 527 consecutive patients with a low to intermediate risk for CHD but without obvious disease were enrolled in this study. The study subjects underwent coronary computerized tomography angiography and CACS was calculated. The patients were divided into two groups based on CACS: Group I (CACS≤100) and Group II (CACS>100). The two groups were compared in terms of classic CHD risk factors and haematological parameters, particularly the RDW. Results Group I patients were younger than Group II patients. The Framingham risk score (FRS) in patients of Group II was significantly higher than that in patients of Group I. Group II patients had significantly elevated levels of haemoglobin, RDW, neutrophil count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio compared with Group I patients. CACS was correlated with age, RDW, and ejection fraction. In the multivariate analysis, age, RDW, and FRS were independent predictors of CACS. Using the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, a RDW value of 13.05% was identified as the best cut-off for predicting the severity of CACS (>100) (area under the curve=0.706). Conclusion We found that the RDW is an independent predictor of the CACS, suggesting that it might be a useful marker for predicting CAD.

Effects of multimedia nursing education on disease-related depression and anxiety in patients staying in a coronary intensive care unit

AIM We evaluated the effectiveness of an accessibility-enhanced multimedia informational educational program in reducing depression and anxiety increasing satisfaction with the information and materials received by patients in coronary care unit. METHODS We selected 100 patients from among the patients who stayed at or who underwent surgery at one of two ICUs for any reason who satisfied the eligibility criteria, and agreed to participate in the research. The participants were included in the control or experimental group by random selection. The patients completed the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale during ICU admission and 1week after hospital discharge. RESULTS The difference in HADSA score was significantly greater in patients who received education than in patients who did not receive multimedia nursing education (4.2±0.58 vs. 0.6±0.42; p<.01). Additionally, the difference in HADSD score was significantly greater in patients who received multimedia nursing education (2.2±0.53 vs. 0.64±0.46; p<.01). CONCLUSION This study showed that anxiety and depression associated with hospital can be reduced with multimedia nursing education.