Muhd Noor Muhd Yunus

Electronic plastic waste management in malaysia: the potential of waste to energy conversion

The production of electronic products is one of the worlds fasting growing industries today. Due to this phenomena, the amount of electronic waste generated increases proportionately with the production. The growing numbers of uses of plastic products in this sector contribute to electronic plastic waste generated. From the management of solid waste aspect, the production of electronic plastic waste has to be handled effectively. Generally, there are three options for electronic plastic waste recycling which is chemical, mechanical or thermal recycling. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the research conducted on electronic plastic waste which consisted of various types of resin to determine the electronic plastic wastes potential as a source of energy. The physical and chemical characteristics of the electronic plastic waste are determined by the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and the heavy metal content analysis of the plastic waste resin sample. The dulong formula was applied to calculate the heating value of electronic plastic waste based on the data obtained from the ultimate analysis. The result shows that the average heat value for an electronic waste is 30, 872.42 kj/kg or 7, 375 kcal/kg. The emmission factor analysis shows the concentration of air emission value which would probably be formed due to incineration activitiy is less than the effluent parameter of standard A and standard B limits fixed by the environmental quality act (clean air) 1978 for control air pollution. Basically, this research has succeeded in proving the potential of electronic plastic waste to be used as a source of energy in the future.

Requirements Engineering of Malaysia’s Radiation and Nuclear Emergency Plan Simulator

Responses to disastrous radiation and nuclear meltdown incidents require a large and complex emergency health and social care capacity planning framework. Incompleteness, inconsistency, and infeasibility of the provided requirements of the proposed planning framework might create unnecessary conflicts during the system development. In this paper, we propose the requirements engineering of an emergency preparedness and response simulation model for the Malaysian radiation and nuclear emergency plan simulator. This simulator development refers to an empirical interpretive approach following the pragmatism view. This approach involves the construction of the dedicated simulator by interpreting insights and document analysis relevant to the stakeholders in the respective emergency plan in order to plan and manage responses to emergencies and disasters. Dedicated process models (overall process map and workflow diagram) explain that, those organisations unable to define and identify the disaster coordinator roles and responsibilities, resources and equipment may contribute 65.63 % of emergency plan disorder and severe calamities. Those models are able to materialise the structure of a simulation workflow in order to demonstrate in training the emergency response prerequisites rather than intervention principles alone. It is likely that, this approach is significantly useful and justifies a mixture of tacit and explicit knowledge among the emergency plan experts. Therefore, a strategic, simplified and prevailing radiation and nuclear emergency plan simulator can be attained, though it is certainly as complex.

Analyzing and sense making of human factors in the Malaysian radiation and nuclear emergency planning framework

The evolution of current Radiation and Nuclear Emergency Planning Framework (RANEPF) simulator emphasizes on the human factors to be analyzed and interpreted according to the stakeholder’s tacit and explicit knowledge. These human factor criteria are analyzed and interpreted according to the “sense making theory” and Disaster Emergency Response Management Information System (DERMIS) design premises. These criteria are corroborated by the statistical criteria. In recent findings, there were no differences of distributions among the stakeholders according to gender and organizational expertise. These criteria are incrementally accepted and agreed the research elements indicated in the respective emergency planning frameworks and simulator (i.e. 78.18 to 84.32, p-value <0.05). This paper suggested these human factors criteria in the associated analyses and theoretical perspectives to be further acomodated in the future simulator development. This development is in conjunction with the proposed hypothesis building of the process factors and responses diagram. We proposed that future work which implies the additional functionality of the simulator, as strategized, condensed and concise, comprehensive public disaster preparedness and intervention guidelines, to be a useful and efficient computer simulation.

Resources planning for radiological incidents management

Disastrous radiation and nuclear meltdown require an intricate scale of emergency health and social care capacity planning framework. In Malaysia, multiple agencies are responsible for implementing radiological and nuclear safety and security. This research project focused on the Radiological Trauma Triage (RTT) System. This system applies patient’s classification based on their injury and level of radiation sickness. This classification prioritizes on the diagnostic and treatment of the casualties which include resources estimation of the medical delivery system supply and demand. Also, this system consists of the leading rescue agency organization and disaster coordinator, as well as the technical support and radiological medical response teams. This research implemented and developed the resources planning simulator for radiological incidents management. The objective of the simulator is to assist the authorities in planning their resources while managing the radiological incidents within the Internal ...