Mulati Rexiati

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Renal Hydatid Disease: a Retrospective Analysis of 30 Cases

Echinococcosis (CE) is an infection which is caused by the larval stage of a tapeworm and is endemic in stockbreeding regions of developing countries. The kidney is the most commonly affected organ in the urinary tract. However, reports on renal hydatid disease are limited in the literature, and usually there are no specific clinical characteristics and promising operative methods. The purpose of this study is to assess the most appropriate surgical technique for the patient with urinary tract CE. We retrospectively analyzed thirty patients with renal hydatid cysts who received different surgical treatments in the urology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 1985 to April 2010. Twenty patients were males and ten were females. The diagnostic accuracy was 74%, 87.5%, and 66.6% respectively by using of ultrasound, CT, and laboratory tests. Thirty patients were followed up for 1–15 years after surgery. One patient experienced a recurrence of renal CE. The ultrasound, CT, and immunological tests are an important means of diagnosis. The surgical treatment principle of renal hydatid should be based on residual renal function, hydatid cyst size, number, location, and surgical techniques to determine the surgical plan to retain the renal function.

Culture and Identification of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells and Their Capability to Induce T Lymphocyte Proliferation.

Background The aim of this study was to establish a culture method for mouse dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and observe their morphology at different growth stages and their ability to induce the proliferation of T lymphocytes. Material/Methods Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were used in combination to induce differentiation of mouse bone marrow (BM) mononucleocytes into DCs. The derived DCs were then assessed for morphology, phenotype, and function. Results The mouse BM-derived mononucleocytes had altered cell morphology 3 days after induction by GM-CSF and IL-4 and grew into colonies. Typical dendrites appeared 8 days after induction. Many mature DCs were generated, with typical dendritic morphology observed under scanning electron microscopy. Expression levels of CD11c, a specific marker of BM-derived DCs, and of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II were elevated in the mature DCs. Furthermore, the mature DCs displayed a strong potency in stimulating the proliferation of syngenic or allogenic T lymphocytes. Conclusions Mouse BM-derived mononucleocytes cultured in vitro can produce a large number of DCs, as well as immature DCs, in high purity. The described in vitro culture method lays a foundation for further investigations of anti-tumor vaccines.

Functional analysis of serum microRNAs miR-21 and miR-106a in renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in tumor development and progression and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in the carcinogenesis process. miRNA is stable in serum, and recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using circulating miRNA as biomarkers in cancer patients. However, currently, no serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been reported. Therefore, a new molecular marker for early diagnosis and evaluation of recurrence after surgery is required. Our purpose was to identify miRNA signatures that could distinguish the serum of RCC patients from matched healthy controls and validate identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for RCC. METHOD Serum samples from 30 RCC patients were collected before and 1 month after surgery. 30 cancer-free blood donor volunteers with no history of any cancer were recruited from the same institute. miR-21 and miR-106a expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. RESULT The serum miR-21 level was significantly higher in RCC patients (median, 8.34) than in healthy control individuals (median, 0.70; p= 0.001). A month after surgery, serum miR-21 levels (median, 0.69) were significantly reduced (p= 0.032). The serum miR-106a level was higher in RCC patients (median, 8.99) compared with controls (median, 0.96; p= 0.000), while miR-106a levels (median, 1.01) were reduced a month after surgery (p= 0.028). The expression level of miR-21 and miR-106 a in RCC patients increased significantly, while miR-21 and miR-106a decreased after surgery. This outcome suggests that serum miR-21 and miR-106a expression level was closely related with kidney cancer tissue. CONCLUSION We conclude that serum miR-21 and miR106a are expected to be molecular markers for RCC.

Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells into Smooth Muscle Cells Is Modulated by CaMKIIγ

The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to participate in maintenance and switches of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes. However, which isoform of CaMKII is involved in differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells into contractile SMCs remains unclear. In the present study, we detected γ isoform of CaMKII in differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) into SMCs that resulted from treatment with TGF-β1 and BMP4 in combination for 7 days. The results showed that CaMKIIγ increased gradually during differentiation of hASCs as determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of CaMKIIγ decreased the protein levels and transcriptional levels of smooth muscle contractile markers (a-SMA, SM22a, calponin, and SM-MHC), while CaMKIIγ overexpression increases the transcriptional and protein levels of smooth muscle contractile markers. These results suggested that γ isoform of CaMKII plays a significant role in smooth muscle differentiation of hASCs.

MicroRNA-145 regulates the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells to smooth muscle cells via targeting Krüppel-like factor 4

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) differentiation to smooth muscle may contribute to the development of effective therapies for relevant muscle defects, such as bladder wall and urethral defects. A previous study described the differentiation of hASCs to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein‑4 (BMP4) treatment. The present study investigated whether microRNA-145 (miR‑145) may be involved in the process of hASC differentiation. The expression of miR‑145 was significantly increased during differentiation of ASCs to SMCs. SMC‑specific genes and proteins, including a‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), smooth muscle protein‑22α(SM22α), calponin and myosin heavy chain (SM‑MHC) were upregulated by transfection of a miR‑145 mimic. By contrast, these factors were downregulated following introduction of antisense oligonucleotides. In addition, Krüppel‑like factor 4 (KLF4) levels, which decreased during the differentiation of hASCs, were downregulated when the cells were transfected miR‑145 mimics. Futhermore, inhibition of KLF4 by treatment with short‑interfering‑RNA against KLF4, resulted in increased expression of SMC‑specific genes and proteins. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that by regulating KLF4, miR‑145 may be involved in regulating smooth muscle differentiation of ASCs induced by TGF‑β1 and BMP4.

The histocompatibility research of hair follicle stem cells with bladder acellular matrix

Background:Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were reported to have multidirectional differentiation ability and could be differentiated into melanocytes, keratin cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurons. However, the functionality of HFSCs in bladder tissue regeneration is unknown. Methods:This study was conducted to build HFSCs vs bladder acellular matrix (BAM) complexes (HFSCs–BAM complexes) in vitro and evaluated whether HFSCs have well biocompatibility with BAM. HFSCs were separated from SD rats. BAM scaffold was prepared from the submucosa of rabbit bladder tissue. Afterwards, HFSCs were inoculated on BAM. Results:HFSCs–BAM complexes grew rapidly through inverted microscope observation. Cell growth curve showed the proliferation was in stagnate phase at 7th and 8th day. Cytotoxicity assay showed the toxicity grading of BAM was 0 or 1. Scanning electron microscopy, HE staining, and masson staining showed that cells have germinated on the surface of scaffold. Conclusion:The results provide evidence that HFSCs–BAM complexes have well biocompatibility and accumulate important experimental basis for clinical applying of tissue engineering bladder.