Mun-Jin Kang

Real time estimation of CO2 laser weld quality for automotive industry

Laser welding is one of the most precise welding processes in joining sheet metals. In laser welding, performing real time evaluation of the welding quality is very important to enhance the efficiency of the welding process. In this study, the plasma and spatter, which are generated during laser welding, are measured using UV and IR photodiodes. The factors that influence weld quality are classified into five categories; optimal heat input, slightly low heat input, low heat input, partial joining due to gap mismatch, and nozzle deviation. The data number deviated from reference signals and their standard deviations were also considered to evaluate the qualities. A system was also formulated to perform real time evaluations of the weld quality using a fuzzy multi-feature pattern recognition with the measured signals.

A study on tensile shear characteristics for weld-bonded 1.2GPa grade TRIP steels with changes in nugget diameter for automotive body application

High strength steels have been continually being developed to improve in fuel economy in automotive and ensure safety of passengers. New bonding and welding methods have been required for improving weldability on high strength steels. In this study, resistance spot welding and Weld-bond with nugget diameters of 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm and 7.0mm were produced and tested, respectively. In order to confirm the effect of nugget diameters on tensile shear characteristic of the Weld-bond, tensile shear characteristics of Weld-bond were compared with those of resistance spot welding and adhesive bonding. Peak load of Weld-bond were increased as the nugget diameter increases. After appearing maximum peak load continuous fracture followed with second peak owing to load being carried by resistance spot weldment. Fracture modes of the adhesive layer in Weld-bond fractures were represented by mixed fracture mode, which are cohesive failure on adhesive part and button failure at resistance spot welds. The results showed that the tensile shear properties can be improved by applying Weld-bond on TRIP steel, and more apparent with nugget diameter higher than 5t.

Mechanical Behavior of Weldbond Joint of 1.2GPa Grade Ultra High Strength TRIP Steel for Car Body Applications

The effect of weldbond hybrid joining process on the mechanical behavior of single lap and L-tensile joints was investigated for the newly developed 1.2GPa grade ultra high strength TRIP(transformation induced plasticity) steel. In the case of single lap shear behavior, the weldbond joint of 1.2GPa TRIP steel showed lower maximum tensile load and elongation than that of the adhesive bonding only. It was considered to be due to the reduction of real adhesion area, which was caused by the degradation of adhesive near the spot weld, and the brittle fracture behavior of the spot weld joint. In the case of L-tensile behavior, however, the maximum tensile load of the weldbond joint of 1.2GPa TRIP steel was dramatically increased and the fracture mode was change to the base metal fracture which is desirable for the spot weld joint. These synergic effect of the weldbond hybrid joining process in 1.2GPa TRIP steel was considered to be due to the stress dissipation around the spot weld joint by the presence of adhesive which resulted in the change of crack propagation path.

High Current Arc Welding Technology of Aluminum Alloy

Abstract Aluminum alloy, Al5083-O, is one of candidate materials for the LNG storage tank, because of its excellent weldability, cryogenic characteristics, and corrosion resistance. The good weldability of Al5083-O is very important in LNG storage tank manufacturing. In this study, high current metal inert gas(MIG) welding process was used to get one pass welding of thick plate aluminum alloy. Bead on plate(BOP) welding was performed to evaluate the effect of welding conditions on the height of bead and depth of penetration. The optimum welding conditions were derived to get one pass welding of the thickness of 14.5mm. The mechanical properties of the welded joint were evaluated. The cross-sectional macro test, tensile test, and bending test satisfied the class rule.Key Words : Aluminum alloys, Metal inert gas welding, Full penetration weld 1. 서 론 LNG(Liquified Natural Gas)는 타연료 대비 높은 연료 효율 및 저탄소 배출로 인해 사용량이 급증하고 있으며 이러한 수요를 만족하기 위해 전 세계적으로 LNG 선박의 건조가 활발히 진행되고 있다 1) . LNG는 주로 환경조건이 열악한 해역 및 북극지방에 많이 매장되어 있기 때문에 LNG 선박의 저장탱크는 높은 파도에 의한 충격이나 운항 중 유빙 충돌 등과 같은 외부충격에 견딜 수 있어야 하고 특히 극저온 특성이 우수한 소재가 사용되어야 한다. 이러한 요구조건을 만족시키는 LNG 탱크의 소재로는 9% Ni강, 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 및 Al5083-O재를 사용하고 있으나 철계 소재의 경우 중량 증가에 따른 선박 무게의 증가로 그 한계성을 나타내었고, 이에 따라 LNG 탱크의 소재로 경량금속인 Al5083-O재의 사용이 고려되고 있다

Study on the Optimization of Pulse GTAW Process for Diaphragm with Thin Thickness

This paper has aimed to prevent excessive heat input by controlling arc distribution and heat input capacity with pulse GTAW in order to improve weld quality in 0.08mm pressure gauge diaphragm and flange welding parts. A design of experiment was designed using Box-Behnken method to optimize a welding process. The pulse GTAW parameters such as pulse current, base current, pulse duty, frequency and welding speed were set to input variables while hydraulic pressure that represents welding characteristics in diaphragm and flange joint were set to output variables. Based on the test result, a second regression equation was obtained between input and output variables and turned out significant. Besides, an influence of parameters has been confirmed through response surface analysis using the second-order regression equation and optimum welding condition was obtained through a grid-search method. The optimum welding condition was set to pulse current 84.4(A), base current 29.6(A), pulse duty 58.8(%), frequency 10(%), and welding speed 596(mm/min). Then, decent bead shape was acquired with no excessive heat input under the of hydrostatic pressure.

Gas metal arc weldability of 1.5 GPa grade martensitic steels

The gas metal arc weldability of 1.5 GPa grade martensitic (MART) steel was evaluated using both inverter direct current (DC) and DC pulse power type welders, under conditions of different welding currents, welding speeds, and shielding gasses. By investigating the bead appearance, tensile strength, and arc stability, it was determined that DC pulse power is better than inverter DC power for arc welding of 1.3 mm thick 1.5 GPa grade MART steel. Further, from the results of the weldability for various shielding gases, it was determined that mixed shielding gas is more effective for welding 1.5 GPa grade MART steel than is pure inert gas (Ar) or active (CO2) gas. In the case of pure shielding gas, no sound bead was formed under any conditions. However, when the mixed shielding gas was used, sound and fine beads were obtained.

Effect of Welding Time on Resistance Spot Weldability of Aluminum 5052 Alloy

In the study, the effect of welding time on resistance spot weldability of aluminum 5052-H32 alloy was analyzed through simulation and experiments. The resistance spot weldability was evaluated by measuring the tensile shear strength, nugget size, and hardness of welds with variations in the welding time. The simulated results of parameters such as tensile shear strength and nugget size obtained using the SORPAS program were compared with the experimental results. Furthermore, a simulation was performed to calculate the temperature inside the weld nugget based on the distance from the center of the nugget. Hence, an optimum welding time to retain the required weld strength of the aluminum 5052-H32 alloy was obtained.

Optimization of Welding Parameters in Resistance Spot Welding of 980 MPa Grade GA Steel Sheet using Multi-Response Surface Methodology

In this study, the welding quality prediction model with high reliability was developed for the 980 MPa grade TRIP steel with minimum conditions in resistance spot welding process using response surface methodology. The welding time and welding current were selected as the important parameters. The welding quality was predicted by deriving four parameters including tensile shear strength, nugget size, expulsion, and button fracture. The experiment was carried out by using the central composite design. Then, the regression equation derived using the result data was analyzed and the effect of the independent variable on the objective function was analyzed by ANOVA. The welding time had a very small effect on tensile shear strength and nugget, but welding current had a dominant effect on the two properties. Also, the reliability of the derived regression model equation is verified by R correlation coefficient and experiments.

Resistance spot weldability of lightweight steel with a high Al content

Using alternating current (AC)- and direct current (DC)-type welders, the resistance spot weldability of lightweight steel was evaluated under various electrode forces, welding currents, and times. The acceptable welding conditions were specified; however, these had very narrow ranges and there was little difference between the conditions determined for the AC- and DC-type welding. In both types of welding with electrode forces of of 300 kgf and 400 kgf, the acceptable weld currents were 5.0 kA and 5.5 kA, respectively. Also, the nugget size increased with the welding current. Under the acceptable welding conditions, there were no significant changes in the maximum tensile shear strength and nugget size, as 6.4-6.6 kN and 4.1-4.3 mm, respectively. The microstructure of weld metals was consisted of martensite, austenite and ferrite. And the small fraction of martensite was founded in the heat affected zone (HAZ), therefore the weld metal had the greatest hardness, and HAZ softening did not occur in this study. Considering the fracture surface, cleavage and ductile fracture were investigated because of the existence of martensite and ferrite in the welds.

A Study on the Optimization for a V-groove GMA Welding Process Using a Dual Response Method

In general, the quality of a welding process tends to vary with depending on the work environment or external disturbances. Hence, in order to achieve the desirable quality of welding, we should have the optimal welding condition that is not significantly affected by these changes in the environment or external disturbances. In this study, we used a dual response surface method in consideration of both the mean output variables and the standard deviation in order to optimize the V-groove arc welding process. The input variables for GMA welding process with the dual response surface are welding voltage, welding current and welding speed. The output variables are the welding quality function using the shape factor of bead geometry. First, we performed welding experiment on the interested area according to the central composite design. From the results obtained, we derived the regression model on the mean and standard deviation between the input and output variables of the welding process and then obtained the dual response surface. Finally, using the grid search method, we obtained the input variables that minimize the object function which led to the optimal V-groove arc welding process.