Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli

Qualidade da colheita mecanizada de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) em dois sistemas de preparo do solo

RESUMO - Dentre as etapas de producao do feijoeiro a colheita e uma das mais importantes, porque pode interferir de maneira decisiva na qualidade e no custo de producao. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da operacao da colheita mecanizada de feijao (Phaseolus vulgaris), cultivado sob preparo convencional e plantio direto. As variaveis analisadas foram: o nivel de ruido emitido, calculado atraves de um medidor de pressao sonora; o desempenho operacional, sendo monitorado o consumo de combustivel, a patinagem dos rodados e a velocidade de deslocamento do conjunto coletados em uma central digital (datalogger); e a operacao de colheita quanto a materia seca e densidade de palhada, e as perdas na colheita. A velocidade e os consumos horario e operacional apresentaram distribuicao normal dos dados, enquanto que o nivel de ruido apresentou distribuicao assimetrica. As perdas na colheita mecanizada de feijao e a densidade de palhada apresentaram baixa variabilidade e distribuicao normal. Assim, apenas o consumo horario e a producao de materia seca de palhada apresentaram comportamento instavel em relacao ao controle estatistico de processo, enquanto os demais indicadores mostraram condicoes de manter a qualidade da operacao de colheita tanto no preparo convencional de solo quanto no plantio direto. Palavras-chave: Controle estatistico de processo (CEP). Desempenho operacional. Perdas na colheita. Recolhedoratrilhadora.

Influence of the sample area in the variability of losses in the mechanical harvesting of soybeans

The mechanical harvesting is an important stage in the production process of soybeans and, in this process; the loss of a significant number of grains is common. Despite the existence of mechanisms to monitor these losses, it is still essential to use sampling methods to quantify them. Assuming that the size of the sample area affects the reliability and variability between samples in quantifying losses, this paper aimed to analyze the variability and feasibility of using different sizes of sample area (1, 2 and 3 m2) in quantifying losses in the mechanical harvesting of soybeans. Were sampled 36 sites and the cutting losses, losses by other mechanisms of the combine and total losses were evaluated, as well as the water content in seeds, straw distribution and crop productivity. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (descriptive statistics and analysis of variance) and Statistical Control Process (SCP). The coefficients of variation were similar for the three frames available. Combine losses showed stable behavior, whereas cutting losses and total losses showed unstable behavior. The frame size did not affect the quantification and variability of losses in the mechanical harvesting of soybeans, thus a frame of 1 m2 can be used for determining losses.

MONITORAMENTO DAS PERDAS NO PROCESSO DE COLHEITA MECANIZADA DE TOMATE INDUSTRIAL - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984/reveng.v23n4p315-325

Losses due to mechanical harvesting of tomatoes are not yet the focus of research in Brazil, since studies on this topic are scarce; however losses can reach high levels, potentially reducing the productivity. In this context, the present study sought to evaluate the quality of mechanized harvesting of tomato on an industrial scale, utilizing the losses arising from the process by means of statistical process control. The experiment was performed using a harvester brand Co.Ri.Ma SRl, Iveco engine with six cylinders and power of 129 kW, monofilament, with cutting platform reaching 1.50 m. The cultivar used was Heis 9553 with spacing of 1.25 m between rows. The experimental design was completely randomized, constituting 64 repetitions in function of two treatments (32 replicates for green fruits and 32 for red fruits). The control charts of individual values and moving ranges are tools that assist in monitoring the quality of losses resulting from the mechanized harvesting operation. Losses on the cutting deck were higher for the red fruits and the highest variability of the harvesting process was also observed for red fruits.