Murray Crease

Correcting menu usability problems with sound

Future human-computer interfaces will use more than just graphical output to display information. In this paper we suggest that sound and graphics together can be used to improve interaction. We describe an experiment to improve the usability of standard graphical menus by the addition of sound. One common difficulty is slipping off a menu item by mistake when trying to select it. One of the causes of this is insufficient feedback. We designed and experimentally evaluated a new set of menus with much more salient audio feedback to solve this problem. The results from the experiment showed a significant reduction in the subjective effort required to use the new sonically-enhanced menus along with significantly reduced error recovery times. A significantly larger number of errors were also corrected with sound.

Making menus musical

Future human-computer interfaces will use more than just graphical output to display information. In this paper we suggest that sound and graphics together can be used to improve interaction. We describe an experiment to improve the usability of standard graphical menus by the addition of sound. One common difficulty is slipping off a menu item by mistake when trying to select it. We designed and experimentally evaluated sonically-enhanced menus to try and overcome this problem. The results from the experiment showed a significant reduction in the subjective effort required to use the new menus along with significantly reduced error recovery times. A significantly larger number of errors were also corrected with sound.

A toolkit of mechanism and context independent widgets

Most human-computer interfaces are designed to run on a static platform (e.g. a workstation with a monitor) in a static environment (e.g. an office). However, with mobile devices becoming ubiquitous and capable of running applications similar to those found on static devices, it is no longer valid to design static interfaces. This paper describes a user-interface architecture which allows interactors to be flexible about the way they are presented. This flexibility is defined by the different input and output mechanisms used. An interactor may use different mechanisms depending upon their suitability in the current context, user preference and the resources available for presentation using that mechanism.

The pervasiveness of evolution in GRUMPS software

This paper describes the evolution of the design and implementation of a distributed run‐time system that itself is designed to support the evolution of the topology and implementation of an executing, distributed system. The three different versions of the run‐time architecture that have been designed and implemented are presented, together with how each architecture addresses the problems of topological and functional evolution. In addition, the reasons for the rapid evolution of the design and implementation of the architecture are also described.

Caring, Sharing Widgets: A Toolkit of Sensitive Widgets

Although most of us communicate using multiple sensory modalities in our lives, and many of our computers are similarly capable of multi-modal interaction, most human—computer interaction is predominantly in the visual mode. This paper describes a toolkit of widgets that are capable of presenting themselves in multiple modalities, but further are capable of adapting their presentation to suit the contexts and environments in which they are used. This is of increasing importance as the use of mobile devices becomes ubiquitous.

A Distributed Usage Monitoring System

We are developing a distributed computer system that supports usability and interaction studies, by handling the collection, storage and analysis of usage data, such as that generated by user-computer interaction and associated sensing devices (e.g., cameras). Data sources may be distributed as may be the data repositories and data consumers (other computer processes and human investigators). The system supports dynamic configuration of the entire process, including changes in the goals of the investigation itself. In this paper we describe the system’s key features, including a generic and evolvable data transport and processing network, a set of tools for capturing and cleaning usage data, a tool for instrumenting software for data capture, and a system for managing the entire process. We also report on several trials of the system, identifying successes, failures, lessons learned and areas for future development.