Murray M. Lipton

Impairment of spermatogenesis in the rat after cutaneous injection of testicular suspension with complete adjuvants.

Summary (1) Impairment of spermatogenesis was induced in 2 out of 3 albino rats by repeated injections of a suspension of rat testis combined with paraffin oil and killed mycobacteria, (2) The injury selects the germinal cells; the Leydig cells, seminal vesicles and prostate remain unaffected. (3) When severe injury occurs, large multinucleated cells may appear in the seminiferous tubules.

Encephalomyelitis in the Rat Following Intracutaneous Injection of Central Nervous System Tissue with Adjuvant

Summary The introduction of homologous spinal cord in a water-in-paramn oil emulsion containing killed tubercle bacilli into the skin of the albino rat produces mononuclear meningo-encephalomyelitis. The symptoms and pathological changes in the CNS and at the site of injection are similar to those found in the guinea pig.

Potentiating Effect of Nocardia asteroides on Sensitization to Picryl Chloride and on Production of Isoallergic Encephalomyelitis

Summary 1) Killed N. asteroids can replace mycobacteria as an adjuvant in the production of (1) skin sensitization to picryl chloride, and (2) isoallergic meningoencephalitis. 2) Killed N. asteroids in water-in-oil emulsion induces a delayed type of sensitization to an extract from this fungus. 3) Killed N. asteroids in water-in-oil emulsion sensitizes to tuberculin. The degree of sensitization is slight when compared with that produced by killed M. tuberculosis in oil. Subsequent Note: Demyelination, conspicuous about blood vessels in the CNS, was demonstrated by Spielmeyers stain. It was found in paralyzed guinea pigs using N. asteroids or M. tuberculosis or M. butyricum as potentiating agents.

Immune Response to Rabies Vaccine in Water-in-Oil Emulsion

Summary The incorporation of inactivated rabies vaccine into water-in-oil emulsion enhanced the antigenic property of the vaccine as judged by the formation of neutralizing antibodies. Allergic encephalitis did not occur unless mycobacteria were added to the emulsion.

Formation of Neutralizing Antibody in Monkeys Injected with Poliomyelitis Virus and Adjuvants.

It has been long known that rhesus monkeys receiving repeated injections of poliomyelitis virus produce neutralizing antibodies. Recently Morgan, Howe, and Bodian(1) and Morgan(2) studied the effect of dosage, route of administration of the antigen and other factors on the hyperimmunization against this virus. No evidence was found that antibody formation was augmented by the incorporation of the Lansing type of virus into a water-in-oil emulsion with or without tubercle bacilli (1,3). Our hope for the effectiveness of these adjuvants in relation to poliomyelitis virus was raised by results obtained recently with another neurotropic virus, namely, that of rabies(4). It was found that rabbits or guinea pigs, given a single injection of brain containing inactivated rabies virus emulsified in paraffin oil and one month later a few more injections of the same antigen in salt solution, produced neutralizing and complement fixing antibodies in great abundance. Material and methods. As an immunizing agent, monkey spinal cord, containing active poliomyelitis virus of the Lansing type, was used. It was suspended in salt solution with the aid of a Waring blendor. The antigen was injected either in this form or emulsified in paraffin oil with or without the addition of a small amount of killed Myco. butyricum. The technic of emulsification and the ingredients used have been described previously (5). Immature rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) as a rule, were given 5 simultaneous injections. The sites were the pectoralis, and the flexor muscles of the femur and the subcutaneous tissue of the nuchal region. One monkey (Group IIIa) received the primary injection in the footpads. The “booster” injections were the same for all groups, namely, the antigen in salt solution. The data are given in Table I.