Muslum Akan

The radio-protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and thymoquinone in rats exposed to total head irradiation.

SummaryBackgroundMany cancer patients treated with radiotherapy suffer severe side effects during and after their treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation and the addition of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone (TQ) on the oxidant/antioxidant system in the liver tissue of irradiated rats.MethodsA total of 40 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups to test the radioprotective effectiveness of thymoquinone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester administered by intraperitoneal injection. Appropriate control groups were also studied.ResultsWhile liver tissue total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide level, and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in the irradiated (IR) group, compared with other groups, total antioxidant status, sulfhydryl levels, and paraoxonase (PON) activity were significantly decreased. Ceruloplasmin activity in IR plus TQ and IR groups was higher than the control group. Arylesterase and PON activities in IR plus TQ- and IR plus CAPE-supplemented groups were lower than those of control groups.ConclusionsTQ and CAPE decrease oxidative stress markers and have antioxidant effects, which also augment antioxidant capacity in the liver tissue of irradiated rats.ZusammenfassungGrundlagenViele Krebspatienten, die mit Bestrahlung behandelt werden, leiden unter schweren Nebenwirkungen während und nach der Behandlung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirkung einer Bestrahlung und die Zugabe von Kaffeesäurephenylethylester (KAPE) und Thymoquinon (TQ) auf das Oxidant/Antioxidant System im Lebergewebe von Ratten zu untersuchen.MethodikVierzig Sprague-Dawley Ratten wurden in 5 Gruppen eingeteilt, um die radioprotektive Wirkung von intraperitoneal verabreichtem TQ und KAPE zu untersuchen. Entsprechende Kontrollgruppen wurden auch untersucht.ErgebnisseDer Gesamt oxidative Status (TOS), die Konzentrationen von Lipid Hydroperoxid (LOOH) und der oxidative Stress Index des Lebergewebes waren in der IR (= bestrahlte) Gruppe im Vergleich zu den anderen Gruppen signifikant erhöht. Der Gesamt antioxidative Status (TAS), die Konzentrationen von Sulfhydryl (–SH) und Paraoxonase (PON) waren im Gegensatz dazu signifikant erniedrigt. Die Cp Aktivität waren in der IR plus TQ, sowie in der IR Gruppe höher als in der Kontrollgruppe. ARYL und PON Aktivitäten waren in der IR Gruppe mit TQ und der Gruppe mit KAPE niedriger als bei den Kontrollgruppen.SchlussfolgerungenTQ und KAPE senken die Marker des oxidativen Stresses und haben eine antioxidative Wirkung. Dadurch wird die antioxidative Kapazität im Lebergewebe von bestrahlten Ratten erhöht.

Increased Resistin Serum Concentrations in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are adipokines which play a significant role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, while little is known about their role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to measure serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels and to investigate their relationships with some parameters in patients with T1DM and healthy controls. Methods: Fifty children and adolescents with T1DM (21 boys and 29 girls) and 33 healthy control subjects (18 boys and 15 girls) participated in the study. All subjects were patients followed in the Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit of Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine. None of the subjects had hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, anemia, or infection. Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were analyzed with ELISA. Results: There were no statistically significant differences related with age, sex, pubertal status, or body mass index distribution between the diabetic and control groups. Resistin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to controls (5.26±3.15 ng/mL vs. 3.50±1.26 ng/mL; p<0.01). Conclusion: Of the three investigated adipokines, only resistin was associated with T1DM. Resistin may play a role in the process of inflammation and also in the pathophysiology of T1DM. Conflict of interest:None declared.

The radioprotective effect of Nigella sativa on nitrosative stress in lens tissue in radiation-induced cataract in rat.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and radioprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ) against ionizing radiation-induced cataracts in lens after total cranium irradiation (IR) of rats with a single dose of 5 gray (Gy). Materials and methods: Seventy-four Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. The rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group A received total cranium IR plus NSO (1 g kg–1 d–1) orally through an orogastric tube. Group B received total cranium IR plus TQ (50 mgkg–1 d–1) daily by intraperitoneal injection. Group C received 5 Gy of gamma IR as a single dose to total cranium plus 1 ml saline. Group D1 just received 1 ml saline. Group D2 just received dimethyl sulfoxide. Group D3 did not receive anything. Results: At the end of the 10th d, cataract developed in 80% of the rats in IR group only. After IR, cataract rate dropped to 20% and 50% in groups which were treated with NSO and TQ, respectively, and was limited at grades 1 and 2. Nitric oxide synthase activity, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite levels in the radiotherapy group were higher than those of all other groups. Conclusions: The results implicate a major role for NSO and TQ in preventing cataractogenesis in ionizing radiation-induced cataracts in the lenses of rats, wherein NSO were found to be more potent.

Preliminary study: Evaluation of melatonin secretion in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective: Melatonin is an indolamine hormone, synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal gland primarily. Melatonin exerts both antioxidative and immunoregulatory roles but little is known about melatonin secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to measure serum melatonin levels in patients with T1DM and investigates their relationship with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Forty children and adolescents with T1DM (18 boys and 22 girls) and 30 healthy control subjects (17 boys and 13 girls) participated in the study. All patients followed in Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit of Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine and also control subjects had no hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, anemia, and infection. Blood samples were collected during routine analysis, after overnight fasting. Serum melatonin levels were analyzed with ELISA. Results: There were no statistically significant differences related with age, sex, BMI distribution between diabetic group and control group. Mean diabetic duration was 2.89 ± 2.69 years. The variables were in the equation. Mean melatonin level in diabetic group was 6.75 ± 3.52 pg/ml and mean melatonin level in control group was 11.51 ± 4.74 pg/ml. Melatonin levels were significantly lower in diabetic group compared to controls (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Melatonin was associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus significantly. Because of the varied roles of melatonin in human metabolic rhythms, these results suggest a role of melatonin in maintaining normal rhythmicity. Melatonin may play role in preventing process of inflammation and oxidative stress.

The effects of Nigella sativa oil, thymoquinone, propolis, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on radiation-induced cataract

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and radioprotective effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), Nigella sativa oil (NSO), and thymoquinone (TQ) against ionizing radiation-induced cataracts in lens after total cranium irradiation of rats with single dose of 5-Gy cobalt-60 gamma rays.MethodsA total of 74 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups to test the radioprotective effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil, thymoquine, propolis, or caffeic acid phenethyl ester administered by either orogastric tube or intraperitoneal injection. Appropriate control groups were also studied.ResultsChylack’s cataract classification was used in the study. At the end of the tenth day, cataracts developed in 80 % of the rats in the radiotherapy group. After irradiation, cataract rate dropped to 20 % in NSO, 30 % in propolis, 40 % in CAPE, and 50 % in TQ groups and was limited to grade 1 and grade 2. Cataract formation was observed the least in NSO group and the most in TQ group. In the irradiated (IR) group, superoxide dismutase activity was lower, while glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase activities and malondialdehyde level were higher compared with the other groups. Total superoxide scavenger activity and nonenzymatic superoxide scavenger activity were not statistically significant in IR group compared with the other groups.ConclusionsThe findings obtained in the study might suggest that propolis, CAPE, NSO, and TQ could prevent cataractogenesis in ionizing radiation-induced cataracts in the lenses of rats, wherein propolis and NSO were found to be more potent.

Radioprotective effect of thymoquinone on salivary gland of rats exposed to total cranial irradiation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effects of thymoquinone against radiation‐induced damage in the salivary glands of rats exposed to total cranial gamma irradiation.

The Radio-protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Thymoquinone on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Liver Tissue of Rats Exposed to Total Head Irradiation.

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of addition of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone (TQ) on oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver tissue of irradiated rats. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups to test the radioprotective effectiveness of TQ and CAPE administered by intraperitoneal injection. Appropriate control groups were also studied. Results Liver antioxidant capacity, as measured by levels of total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity except superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were statistically lower in the irradiation (IR) group compared to all other groups. Total superoxide scavenger activity and NSSA were statistically higher in the IR plus TQ and IR plus CAPE groups compared to all other groups. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly found to increase in the IR plus CAPE group compared to control groups. The xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, nitric oxide (NO●) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the IR group were statistically higher than in the other groups. Moreover, XO activity in the IR plus TQ group was statistically lower than all other groups including the IR plus CAPE group. In addition, NO● level was found to increase in all groups when compared to the normal control group. Conclusions Thymoquinone and CAPE decrease oxidative and nitrosative stress markers and have antioxidant effects, which also increase antioxidant capacity in the liver tissue of irradiated rats.

Resistin as a new molecule

Adipose tissue, in addition to storing energy, secretes numerous factors implicated in modulating insulin, sensitivity and energy balance, such as leptin, adiponectin, TNFand resistin. Resistin, is a hormone that is produced by fatty cells, a recently described adipokine belonging to the cysteine-rich secretory protein family, was originally described as an adipocyte-derived polypeptide that links obesity and insulin resistance in mice. However, in humans, resistin is expressed at very low concentrations in adipose cells, but at high levels in mononuclear leukocytes, macrophages, spleen cells and bone marrow cells. In recent years, several studies have showed that resistin may play a role in cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and also inflammation and process of inflammation – related diseases. This review will summarize the results of studies related with resistin.