Mustafa Duman

Comparison of meat quality and fatty acid profile in slow-growing chicken genotypes fed diets supplemented with Origanum vulgare or Melissa officinalis leaves under the organic system

This study was conducted to compare the meat quality and selected fatty acids profile of two different slow-growing broiler genotypes (Hubbard S757; S757 and Hubbard Grey Barred JA; GB-JA) fed diets supplemented with dry oregano (Origanum vulgare L., OV; 10 g/kg basal diets) or lemon balm leaves (Melissa officinalis L., MO; 10 g/kg basal diets) under organic housing system. It is concluded that slow-growing genotypes had no effect on L* parameter of the breast, thigh and abdominal fat meat quality. Two hundred and forty chicks were allocated randomly into 4 experimental groups according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Birds were raised until 98 days in order to achieve an acceptable market live weight. The b* colours of breast and thigh meat were significant different among genotypes and also a* colour of breast meat of GB-JA increased (P<0.05). Slow-growing female broilers produced a higher dry matter content and lower fat content of breast meat as compared with males. There were the higher concentrations of linoleic (C18:2n-6) acid and the lower concentrations of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) in genotypes fed with supplemented dry oregano or lemon balm leaves diet. Sex affected total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) composition, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and linoleic acid, were higher in slow growing males breast meat as compared with females breast meat. These results suggested that the slow-growing genotypes might had influenced the colour of breast and thigh meat, although overall meat quality was not affected under the organic system.

Edible Giblets and Bone Mineral Characteristics of Two Slow-Growing Chicken Genotypes Reared in an Organic System

This study was conducted to compare edible giblets weight, tibial bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) of two slow-growing broiler genotypes (Hubbard S757; S757 and Hubbard Grey Barred JA; GB-JA) reared with outdoor access, and to determine the relationship between these variables. Day-old chicks (straight-run) of the genotypes S757 (n=120) and GB-JA (n=120) were housed for 98 days. Each genotype was assigned to six pens of 20 birds each. Birds were reared in indoor floor pens and moving shelters with outdoor access (during daylight hours). Absolute body (BW), heart (HW), spleen (SW), liver (LW), gizzard (GW), and abdominal fat pad (AFW) weights of the genotype S757 and male birds were statistically higher than that of the genotype GB-JA and female birds. Genotype statistically affected relative HW, whereas sex affected relative GW. Although BMD values were not influenced by genotype or sex, S757 birds and males presented statistically higher tibial BMC, lean, lean+BMC, total mass values (g) and area (cm2) compared with GB-JA birds and females. BW, HW, SW, LW, GW and AFW were positively correlated with BMC obtained by DXA. In conclusion, the measured traits influenced by genetic strain and sex. The use of the Hubbard S757 genotype in organic production systems with outdoor access is recommend.

Effect of egg shell color and storage duration on external and internal egg quality traits of ATAK-S layer hybrids

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of storage duration and egg shell colour on external and internal egg quality traits. Eggs obtained from 29 weeks-aged ATAK-S layer hybrids reared in traditional cage system constituted the material of this study. Storage durations were set as initial, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Shell color was classified as dark (59.00-67.99); moderate (68.00-70.99) and light (71.00-79.99) by using the ∆E values of eggs. Storage duration significantly affected the egg weight (P≤0.01); specific gravity (P≤0.01); breaking strength (P≤0.01); shell thickness (P≤0.01); shell weight (P≤0.01); surface area (P≤0.01); albumen index (P≤0.01); yolk index (P≤0.01); haugh unit (P≤0.01); yolk color (P≤0.05) and albumen pH (P≤0.01). Egg shell color significantly affected the specific gravity (P≤0.01); breaking strength (P≤0.01); shell thickness (P≤0.01); shell weight (P≤0.01); albumen pH (P≤0.05) and albumen blood-meat spots (P≤0.05). Current findings revealed that eggs should be transport to consumers as soon as possible and further studies should be performed to darken egg shell colors. It was concluded that newly laid dark color eggs had the best quality. El presente estudio evaluo los efectos del tiempo de conservacion y el color de la cascara del huevo en las caracteristicas de calidad externas e internas del huevo. El material lo constituyeron huevos obtenidos de ATAK-S hibridos de gallinas de postura de 29 semanas de edad, criadas en sistemas de jaula tradicional. El tiempo de duracion fue definido como inicial (0), 7, 14, 21 y 28 dias. El color de la cascara fue clasificado como oscuro (59.00-67.99); moderado (68.00-70.99) y claro (71.00-79.99), usando el ∆E valores de huevos. El tiempo de conservacion tuvo un afecto significativo en el peso del huevo (P≤0.01), la gravedad especifica (P≤0.01), la resistencia a la ruptura (P≤0.01), el grosor de la cascara (P≤0.01), el peso de la cascara (P≤0.01), el area de superficie (P≤0.01), el indice de albumen (P≤0.01), el indice de yema (P≤0.01), la unidad Haugh (P≤0.01), el color de la yema (P≤0.05) y el pH del albumen (P≤0.01). El color de la cascara origino un efecto significativo en la gravedad especifica (P≤0.01), la resistencia a la ruptura (P≤0.01), el grosor de la cascara (P≤0.01), el peso de la cascara (P≤0.01), el pH del albumen (P≤0.05), manchas de sangre y de carne en el albumen (P≤0.05). Los resultados indican que los huevos deberian ser transportados a los consumidores en forma rapida. Se sugiere realizar estudios adicionales para oscurecer la cascara de los huevos, ya que se concluye que los huevos ligeramente oscurecidos tienen la mayor calidad.