Mustafa Ergün

Crystal Structure and Conformational Analysis of 4-[(p-N,N-Dimethylamino) benzylidene]-2-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)oxazole-5-one

ABSTRACT An azlactone derivative, 4-[(p-N,N-dimethylamino)benzylidene]-2-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)oxazol-5-one (DNPO), C18H14N4O6, has been synthesized, and its crystal structure has been investigated by single crystal X-ray analysis and ab initio method. DNPO is monoclinic, with a = 9.3628(4) Å, b = 13.5148(9) Å, c = 13.7701(6) Å, β = 92.921(4)°, Z = 4, Dx = 1.46 g/cm3, μ(MoKα) = 0.112 mm−1, and space group P 121/c1. The whole molecule is almost planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by C–H · · · N type intramolecular, C–H · · · O type intermolecular interactions. To determine the flexibility of DNPO, the selected torsion angle is varied from − 180° to 180° in steps of 10°, and the molecular energy profile is calculated and analyzed.

Structure of the Marmara Sea Basin in the North Anatolian Fault Zone

The Marmara Sea basin should be considered to form part of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and the Aegean crustal regime in which a listric-faulted upper crustal section overlies a lower crust that was thinned in a ductile manner, the overall crustal thickness being about 25-30 km. The local Moho upbulge of about 5 km is consistent with Bouguer gravity anomalies as shown by modelling. As the North Aegean area, the Sea of Marmara is undergoing a combination of right-lateral strike-slip and north-south extension with the formation of pull-apart basins. As a result of the collision of the Arabian and Anatolian land masses during the Middle Miocene, the westward escape of the Anatolian block gave rise to E-W compression in western Turkey, the relief of which was produced by N-S extension. In northern Turkey and towards the North Aegean Sea: the NAF splits into several fault strands defining a broad tectonic zone with associated high swarmlike seismic activity. The Marmara Sea basin is the extension of the Thrace basin in the north and northwest. During the Middle Eocene, the subsidence of basement occurred, creating the Thrace basin. Therefore it could be assumed that the extensional basins of the Sea of Marmara have existed since the Eocene. According to interpretation of geological, geomorphological and geophysical data, the Sea of Marmara can be divided into five different blocks which are controlled by two sets of fault systems: (i) almost E-W trending normal faults (the Northern and Southern Boundary faults); and (ii) NE-SW oriented subvertical strike-slips. The blocks are undergoing relative vertical motions and rotations. The Marmara Sea basin accommodates strike-slip and extensional movements. The east-west trending normal fault systems of the Sea of Marmara is a diffuse zone of crustal thinning associated with an estimated 30 percent of north-south extension since the Tortonian.

Possibility of Mineral Enrichment in the Black Sea

The Black Sea is the largest anoxic water body in the world, where the oxygen-hydrogen sulfide interface exists between 100 and 250 m water depth. The thickness of sediments in the Black Sea basin is in excess of 15 km, and contains high concentrations of metallic salts. The results of the sampling project carried out from the R/V K. PIRI REIS indicate the presence of elemental concentrations of Co: 25 ppm, Cr: 25 ppm, Cu: 34 ppm, Mo: 105 ppm, Ni: 128 ppm, Vn: 167 ppm, U: 13 ppm, Sr: 78 ppm and Mn: 500–1000 ppm, in the upper 60 cm of the sediment layer in certain horizons of the marginal areas. Magnetic data strongly suggest regional subsidence along the marginal areas. It is therefore very important to investigate the marginal areas extending from Istanbul to Sinop, in connection with anaerobic conditions of the Black Sea.

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Carbazole-Oxadiazoles

Four new carbazole-oxadiazole derivatives (3a-b, 6a-b) were prepared from the reaction of aromatic aldehydes and carbohydrazides which were synthesized from carbazole aldehydes namely 9-hexyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde 1 and 4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzaldehyde 4 and acid hydrazides. The structures of the new derivatives were confirmed by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. The optical properties such as maximum absorption and emission wavelengths (λ; nm), molar extinction coefficients (ε; cm−1 M−1), Stoke’s shifts (ΔλST; nm) and quantum yields (ϕF), of the carbazole-oxadiazole derivatives were declared in dichloromethane, toluene and tetrahydrofuran solutions.

Tectonic Structure of the Eastern Mediterranean Area as the Upcoming Hydrocarbon Province of the World

Summary Basins. South of this zone, lie the Iskenderun, Latakia, and Mesaoria Basins, together with the outer part of the Antalya Basin. South of the AmanosLarnaka Fault Zo ne lays the Cyprus Basin. South of the Tartus Ridge lies the Levantine Basin on the northern margin of the African plate. The Structure of the Eastern Mediterranean from the Gravity Data The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is dominated by elongated NESW trending depressions, known as the Herodotus Abyssal Plain, with Bouguer gravity maximum of approximately 220 mGal. Due to the increasing sediment thickness to the east the anomalies decrease eastwards and range between 80 and 20 mGal for offshore Israel and Lebanon. Eratosthenes Seamount is a continental fragment with crustal thickness of 24 km. It does not exhibit a pronounced gravity expression, while Cyprus, with a continental crust of 30�32 km, has high positive Bouguer gravity values of approximately 130 mGal caused by overthrust ophiolites. The deep parts of the Levantine Basin and partly the Herodotus Abyssal Plain are covered by up to 15 km of thick sediments. The crust is oceanic and approximately 5 to 6 km in thickness, with abrupt transition to continental margin to the east indicating the existence of a shear zone.

The 1989 GPS Campaign in SW Turkey: Data Analysis

Southwest Turkey is a zone of active continental extension whose rate may be as high as 6 cm/year (Jackson & McKenzie, 1988). The area contains several east-west trending normal-fault bounded graben systems up to 100 km long (Fig. l). Their floors are up to 1.5 km deep and they contain sediments up to 2–3 km thick (Eyidogan & Jackson, 1985). Earthquakes exceed M=7, generating deformations of 2 meter or more and surface faulting of up to 40 km (McKenzie, 1978; Eyidogan & Jackson, 1985). Palaeomagnetic work has revealed the horizontal rotation of crustal blocks of up to several tens of degrees (Kissel et al., 1989). Theoretical modelling of Aegean-style continental deformation includes repeated movement on large normal faults, tilting-block models and the rotation of neighbouring crustal blocks in a cog-wheel fashion. Repeated geodetic measurements of this region using the Global Positioning System (GPS) will provide a quantitative test for such models and address many other questions, e.g. what is the contemporaneous extension rate, is the area opening fastest in the west, is the extension distributed throughout the area or taken up on a few major faults, and is the area is subdivided into discrete blocks?