Mustafa Kaplan

Effect of elemental sulphur and sulphur containing waste in a calcareous soil in Turkey

Abstract The effect of elemental sulphur (S) and S containing waste applications on soil pH treated with 0–2,000 kg ha‐l elemental S, and 0–100 tons ha‐1 of waste was determined in the field and the pots. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) was grown in a Lithic Xerorthent soil which was taken from where the field experiment was conducted in pots receiving 5 kg soil. Plants were harvested 20 weeks after planting or 30 weeks after the applications for determination of dry matter yield and phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) uptake by shoots. EC, NaHCO3‐extractable P, and DTPA‐extractable Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu also were measured in pot soil at the 5th, 10th, and 30th weeks. All treatments led to a decrease in soil pH though pH tended to increase again during course of time in both field and pot experiments. The both elemental S and waste applications in pot experiment caused an increase in dry matter yield and P, Fe, zinc (Zn), Mn and Cu uptake (mg pot‐1) by shoots in sorghum plant. Ther...

High level of copper application to soil and leaves reduce the growth and yield of tomato plants

Copper-containing fertilizers, fungicides and bactericides are extensively used in greenhouses in Turkey. Informations on effects of these applications to plants are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of Cu application to a calcareous soil and to leaves on the yield and growth of tomato plants. Cu was first applied to soil as CuSO4.5H2O in three different levels (0, 1000, and 2000 mg Cu kg-1) and then to leaves in three different frequencies (no application, biweekly and weekly) using two cupric fungicides (Cu oxychloride, and Cu salts of fatty and rosin acids) in pot experiments carried out in a computer-controlled greenhouse. Total yield, fruit number, dry root weight and plant height decreased with increasing Cu application to soil. Increasing levels of Cu applied to soil and leaves resulted in decreasing final fruit number, dry root weight and plant height in 4th, 5th and 6th weeks. Combined applications of Cu to soil and leaves could be more deleterious to plants than when Cu is applied only to soil or leaves.

Investigation of Effects on Nutrient Uptake of Humic Acid Applications of Different Forms to Strawberry Plant

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of humic acid in liquid and solid form on uptake of nutrients for strawberry grown under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was designed in randomized block design with four replications for two years. Solid form of humic acid (Agrolig) that contained 85% humic acid was applied in the amounts of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha before planting. Liquid form of humic acid (Blackjak) that contained 15% humic acid was applied by drip irrigation system at the concentrations of 0, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10,000 mL/ha/month. Along with humic acid, 200 kg/ha nitrogen (N), 100 kg/ha phosphorus (P2O5), and 400 kg/ha potassium (K2O) was applied by drip irrigation system after transplanting. According to the results, N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) contents of the leaves were not affected significantly by the applications of solid and liquid humic acid forms. Applied liquid humic acid had a significant effect on the zinc (Zn) content of the leaves causing a decrease in the Zn content. Because of having excessive calcareous soil in the experimental area, uptake of nutrients in strawberry plants was not affected significantly. Applications of humic acid at high concentrations had an inhibitory effect on some of the nutrients.

Composting of spent mushroom compost, carnation wastes, chicken and cattle manures

This study has purposed to determine the optimum mixture ratio of used mushroom compost, chicken manure, cattle manure and carnation waste for composting. For this purpose, these materials have been mixed in seven various ratios (R1-R7) and composted in the experimental composting reactors. The highest dry material losses and temperature values have been obtained by the R4 which contains 50% carnation waste, 25% chicken manure and 25% spent mushroom compost. Beside R4, mixtures of R2, R5 and R6 have also provided high process temperature and dry material loss values. The lowest dry material loss and temperature values have been obtained in the R7 which contains only carnation wastes. In the study, it has also seen that FAS (free air space) parameter is effective on the process and must be in the interval of 24-32%.

Accumulation of copper in soils and leaves of tomato plants in greenhouses in Turkey

Abstract Copper (Cu)‐containing fertilizers, fungicides, and bactericides has been used extensively in the greenhouses in the Antalya province in recent decades with the use of such materials tending to increase year by year. The level of DTPA‐extractable Cu was determined in 210 soils (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) and 105 leaf samples obtained from 105 tomato greenhouses. The DTPA‐extractable Cu contents of the soils taken from the 0–20 depth ranged between 0.76 and 88.03 mg kg‐1 (mean 7.79 mg kg‐1). The percentage of soils containing DTPA‐extractable Cu greater than the critical toxicity level (20 mg kg‐1) was 8.1. The Cu content of tomato leaf samples ranged between 2.4 and 1,490 mg kg‐1 (mean 166.5 mg kg‐1). The Cu concentration in leaf samples was very high due to the intensive use of foliar applied Cu‐containing chemicals. As a consequence, 24.8% of the leaf tomato samples analyzed contained over 200 mg Cu kg‐1, the maximum accepted tolerance level. Therefore, it may be necessary to reduce the use of Cu...

Effect of different amounts of acid application in fertigation on calcareous soil pH

ABSTRACT This study was carried out during 3 different periods and in 24 various greenhouses. Average pH values of the irrigation water (7.61, 7.55, 7.29) and average soil pH values before fertigation (7.61, 7.57, 7.55) were measured. Average fertigation pH values were measured to be 6.80, 6.61 and 6.44. Depending on fertigation pH values, average soil pH values decreased at the rate of 0.52, 0.65 and 0.60 compared to those before fertigation. Although average soil pH decreased depending on acid doses used by growers in the greenhouse, this decrease was not sufficient. In conclusion, if growers fertilize with lower fertigation pH doses, availability of plant nutrients can be increased. Additionally, this may lead to less fertilizer use by increasing availability of fertilizers used in fertigation in soils that have calcareous and high pH values. It is clear that further studies should be done with this approach.

DEPOLANAN VE DEPOLANMAYAN KARANFİL ÇELİKLERİNE YAPRAKTAN UYGULANAN Fe-EDTA GÜBRELEMESİNİN KARANFİL (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) BİTKİSİNİN BESLENMESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Bu calismada, soguk hava deposunda 4oC’de 55 gun depolanan ve depolanmayan sprey karanfil celiklerinden elde edilen karanfil fideleri sera ortamina aktarilarak karanfil yetistiriciligi yapilmis ve karanfil yetistiriciliginde yapraktan uygulanan farkli dozlardaki Fe-EDTA (50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm)’nin bitkinin yaprak, govde ve cicekteki besin icerigine etkisi incelenmistir. Yetistiricilik sonunda Fe-EDTA uygulamasi depolanan karanfil yapraklarinin K(%), Mg(%), Fe(ppm) icerigini, ciceklerinin Mg(%), Mn(ppm), Ca(ppm) icerigini arttirmistir. Depolanmayan karanfillerin sadece yapraklarindaki N(%) ve govdelerindeki K(%) icerigini arttirmistir. Karanfilin besin icerigi uzerine Fe-EDTA uygulama dozlarinin yaprak ve cicekteki N(%) icerigine etkisi oldugu saptanmistir, ancak diger besin iceriklerinde belirgin bir etkisi gorulmemistir