Mustafa Ünal

Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey and the Middle East II

ABSTRACT A rich and interesting material collected from Turkey and the neighbouring countries including the Middle East has been evaluated. The material consists of the historical and unidentified specimens mainly in the Naturhistorisches Musem Wien, the Natural History Museum London and the specimens recently collected and preserved in the Abant Izzet Baysal Üniversitesi Entomoloji Müzesi. Eight genera and 106 species and subspecies are listed The Isophya species are included into 7, the Poecilimon species are included into 16 species groups. The relationships of the species and the species groups are proposed as phylogenetic trees in writing format. Three distinct clades of the species groups of Poecilimon are separated and discussed their taxonomic positions. The genus Poecilimonella Uvarov, 1921 is included to the genus Poecilimon Fischer, 1853 and the species Poecilimon richteri Ramme, 1933 is synonymized with Poecilimon similis Retowski, 1899. Twelve new species and subspecies, Isophya hitit, I. sureyai amazonae, I. artvin, Poecilimon inopinatus, P. ferwillemsei, P. solus, P. obtusicercus kasnak, P. iucundus aequocercus, P. longicercus, P. similis proximus, P. diversus, P. Istanbul, are described. The females of 3 taxa, Poecilimon obtusicercus obtusicercus Heller et al., Poecilimon xenocercus Karabag and Poecilimon concinnus Brunner are described for the first time. Poecilimon concinnus Brunner, 1878 has been rediscovered since its description. The following 12 taxa are proposed in subspecies level: Isophya sureyai sureyai Ramme, I. stenocauda stenocauda Ramme, I. stenocauda obenbergeri Maran, I. anatolica anatolica Ramme, I. anatolica pentheri Ramme; Poecilimon obtusicercus obtusicercus Heller et al., P. adentatus adentatus Ramme, P. adentatus uvarovi Ramme, P. celebi celebi Karabag, P. celebi azdavayi Ünal, P. celebi tevfikarabagi Ünal and P. iucundus iucundus Ünal. The lectotypes for 8 species, Isophya amplipennis Brunner, I. savignyi Brunner, I. major Brunner, I. rectipennis Brunner, Poecilimon pergamicus Brunner, P. hamatus Brunner, P. unispinosus Brunner, P. zonatus I. Bolivar, are designated. Poecilimon cognatus (Fieber, 1853) is proposed as nomen novum. The determined congeneric partners of the species and subspecies are given. Five speciation stages which determine the taxonomic position for the taxa of Isophya and Poecilimon are designated. In addition 147 figures and a distributional map for the new taxa are provided.

Notes on Orthoptera of Western Turkey, with description of a new genus and four new species

A list and notes on species and subspecies of Orthoptera collected in western Turkey are given. One new genus, Bolua gen.n. and four new species, Poecilimon ataturki sp.n., Poecilimon kocaki sp.n., Bolua turkiyaesp. n. and Stenobothrus (Crotalacris) selmaesp.n. are described.

Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey and the Middle East II

Abstract A rich material which consists of the unidentified specimens preserved in the Natural History Museum London; Naturhistorisches Museum Wien and the specimens collected from Turkey by the author, is studied. Eighty-eight species and subspecies are listed. Iranusa uvarovi sp.n., Platycleis (Montana) kure sp.n., Hermoniana brozai sp.n., Parapholidoptera belen sp.n. and unknown male of Pezodrymadusa affinis (I. Bolivar, 1899) are described. Platycleis (Squamiana) ankarensis Karabag, 1950 and Platycleis (Squamiana) irritans Ramme, 1951 are given in new combination. Squamina erzuruma Demirsoy, 1975 is synonymized. The species Phytodrymadusa longipes (Brunner, 1882), Platycleis (Squamiana) irritans Ramme, 1951, Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner, 1861) from Turkey, Eupholidoptera cypria turcica Salman, 1983, Anadrymadusa (s.str) danensis Karabag, 1972 from Syria and Pholidoptera brevipes Ramme, 1939 from Asia are recorded for the first time. The genera and subgenera Rammeola Uvarov, 1934, Montana Zeuner, 1941, Squamiana Zeuner, 1941, Sureyaella Uvarov, 1934, Koroglus Ünal, 2002, Bolua Ünal, 1999 and many species are discussed and compared with their close allies. Identification keys for the known species of the genera Iranusa Uvarov, 1942, Hermoniana Broza et al., 2004, Apholidoptera Maran, 1953 and two subgenera of Platycleis (s.l.), Squamiana Zeuner, 1941 and for the Turkish species of Montana Zeuner, 1941 are prepared. In addition 99 original figures are added.

Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I.Bolívar

The very rich material of Palaearctic Pamphagidae preserved in the collections including the type specimens of all taxa, the historical unidentified specimens and newly collected material have been studied. 58 genera and 295 species and subspecies are listed. The higher classification of the family is reviewed mainly based on the male phallic complex as well as the traditional and some new external characters. The tribe Haplotropiidini is transferred to the subfamily Thrinchinae. Previously synonymized subfamily Tropidaucheninae is validated as an independent tribe of Pamphaginae. The tribe Nocarodeini is taxonomically reviewed except the genus Bufonocarodes Mistshenko. The male phallic complex is also used as one of the main characters in decisions of the genus group taxa. The following 10 genera are synonymized: Pseudotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1948 and Paratmethis Zheng & He, 1996 (with Filchnerella Karny, 1908), Sinotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1959 and Kanotmethis Yin, 1994 (with Beybienkia Tsyplenkov, 1956), Paktia Pfadt, 1970 (with Mistshenkoella Cejchan, 1969), Pseudosavalania Demirsoy, 1973 (with Paranocarodes I. Bolívar, 1912), Nocaropsis Ramme, 1951 (with Paranothrotes Mistshenko, 1951), Paranocaracris Mistshenko, 1951 and Oronothrotes Mistshenko, 1951 (with Nocaracris Uvarov, 1928) and Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 (with Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846). The genera Mistshenkoella Cejchan and Cryptonothrotes La Greca are proposed as subgenera of Saxetania Mistshenko. The following genera are divided: Eremocharis Saussure into 4 species groups, Paranocarodes I. Bolívar into 2 species groups, Paranothrotes Mistshenko into 4 species groups, Nocaracris Uvarov into 7 species groups and Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim into 4 species groups. The following 24 species and subspecies are synonymized: Tmethis cinerascus cyanipes Werner, 1939 [with Eremopeza angusta (Uvarov, 1934)], Iranotmethis cyanipennis cyanipes Bey-Bienko, 1951 [with Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus (Werner, 1939)], Eremocharis granulosa roseipes Uvarov, 1943 [with Eremocharis granulosa granulosa (Walker, 1871)], Eremocharis subsulcata minor Cejchan, 1969 (with Eremocharis maior Ramme, 1952), Asiotmethis limbatus motasi Ramme, 1951 [with Asiotmethis limbatus (Charpentier, 1845)], Tropidauchen marginatum Bolívar, 1912 (with Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912), Paranocarodes straubei serratus Uvarov, 1949, Paranocarodes straubei insularis Ramme, 1951 and Paranocarodes fieberi mytilenensis Ramme, 1951 [with Paranocarodes fieberi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)], Paranocarodes atympanicus Ramme, 1951 (with Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi Ramme, 1949), Paranocarodes cilicicus Ramme, 1951 (with Paranocarodes lubricus Mistshenko, 1951), Paranothrotes opacus hakkariana Demirsoy, 1973 [with Paranothrotes opacus opacus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)], Paranothrotes tenuicornis sordidus Mistshenko, 1951 and Paranothrotes iranicus (Ramme, 1951) (with Paranothrotes tenuicornis Mistshenko, 1951), Paranothrotes elbursianus (Ramme, 1951) [with Paranothrotes demawendi (Ramme, 1951)], Paranocarodes aserbeidshanicus Ramme, 1951 [with Paranothrotes margaritae (Miram, 1938)], Nocaracris burri obscurata Ramme, 1951 [with Nocaracris furvus furvus (Mistshenko, 1951)], Paranocaracris rimansonae ventosus Mistshenko, 1951 [with Nocaracris rimansonae (Uvarov, 1918)], Paranocaracris rigidus Mistshenko, 1951 (with Nocaracris tauricolus Ramme, 1951), Nocaracris cyanipes tristis Ramme, 1951 [with Nocaracris cyanipes (Motschulsky, 1846)], Nocarodes armenus Ramme, 1951 (with Nocarodes serricollis Fischer von Waldheim, 1846), Nocarodes specialis Mistshenko, 1951 [with Nocarodes iranicus (Werner, 1939)], Nocarodes gibbosus Mistshenko, 1951 (with Nocarodes humerosus Mistshenko, 1951), Nocarodes urmianus carinatus Mistshenko, 1951 (with Nocarodes urmianus Ramme, 1939). One new genus in the tribe Nocarodeini, Turkanocaracris Ünal gen. nov., and the following 29 new species and subspecies in four tribes are described: Eremopeza soltanii Ünal, sp. nov., Eremopeza kashmirensis Ünal, sp. nov., Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii Ünal, ssp. nov., Orchamus massai Ünal, sp. nov., Paracinipe suezensis Ünal & Massa, sp. nov., Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi Ünal, sp. nov., Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas Ünal, ssp. nov., Paranothrotes buzuldagi Ünal, sp. nov., Paranothrotes dentatus Ünal, sp. nov., Paranothrotes eximius bitlis Ünal, ssp. nov., Paranothrotes siirt Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris furvus kazdagi Ünal, ssp. nov., Nocaracris istanbul Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris tunceli Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris tardus Ünal, Bugrov & Jetybayev, sp. nov., Nocaracris emirdagi Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris cejchani Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris judithae Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris minutus Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris karadagi Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris palandoken Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris monticolus Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris van Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris dilekensis Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris karshitoros Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris goektepe Ünal, sp. nov., Nocaracris crassipes Ünal, sp. nov., Turkanocaracris levigatus Ünal, sp. nov., Turkanocaracris davisi Ünal, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for the following 12 species: Strumiger desertorum desertorum Zubovski, 1896, Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus (Saussure, 1887), Orchamus gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882), Saxetania iranicum (Werner, 1939) [syn. of Saxetania (s.str.) cultricolle (Saussure, 1887)], Paranocarodes straubei (Fieber, 1853), Paranocarodes fieberi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882), Paranothrotes shelkovnikovi (Uvarov, 1918), Paranothrotes nigripes (Stshelkanovtzev, 1916), Eunothrotes derjugini Adelung, 1907, Nocaracris rimansonae (Uvarov, 1918), Nocaracris tridentatus (Stshelkanovtzev, 1916) and Araxiana woronowi (Uvarov, 1918). Many species are given in new combinations and new statuses. Some taxa are proposed as reverted combinations, reverted statuses, reverted genera, species and subspecies. Nomenclatural problems are discussed under the relevant taxa. The authorship of 4 species are discussed and changed as follow: Eremopeza festiva (I. Bolívar, 1884), Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi Ramme, 1949, Nocaracris rubripes (Motschulsky, 1846), Nocaracris cyanipes (Motschulsky, 1846). Identification keys for subfamilies, tribes and genera (except the N. African and European genera of Pamphagini) and for each level of the tribe Nocarodeini are prepared. This study is also a review of the Pamphagidae species of Turkey. Therefore all Turkish species are studied in detail except the two genera recently revised by the author, Glyphotmethis Bey-Bienko and Asiotmethis Uvarov. Geographically this paper includes all Pamphagidae species of the following countries and regions: Bulgaria, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Greece (except one species), Lebanon (except two species), Arabian Peninsula (except one species), Afghanistan (except some Saxetania) and Iran (except some Saxetania and Tropidauchen). In addition, 848 original figures including 10 distributional maps are provided.

Revision of the Madagascan genera Oncodopus Brongniart and Colossopus Saussure (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae; Euconchophorini), with description of Malagasopus gen. nov.

The endemic Madagascan genera Oncodopus Brongniart and Colossopus Saussure are revised using museum specimens, including the types, and recently collected material. A new genus, Malagasopus gen. nov., and seven new species, Malagasopus desutterae sp. nov., Malagasopus meridianus sp. nov., Oncodopus janetae sp. nov., Oncodopus brongniarti sp. nov., Oncodopus saussurei sp. nov., Oncodopus soalalaensis sp. nov. and Colossopus parvicavus sp. nov. are described. Lectotypes are designated for Oncodopus zonatus Brongniart, 1897 and Colossopus redtenbacheri (Brongniart, 1897). A new term, mesothoracic auricle, is proposed for a structure on the episternum of the mesothorax. A tabulated key to the genera and keys to the species are presented. All species are described and diagnosed, and their phylogenetic relationships, geographical distributions, habitat preferences and phenologies are documented. The life history of Colossopus grandidieri is described, and the unusual possible mate-guarding behaviour of several species is discussed. Maps showing the distribution of the species are presented, as too are 57 photographs of museum specimens, 51 drawings of morphological characters, 17 photographs of living specimens and one habitat photograph.

Genus Asiotmethis Uvarov (Orthoptera, Pamphagidae) from Turkey, with a checklist of known taxa

Abstract Turkish taxa of Asiotmethis were studied. Asiotmethis limbatus limbatus (Charpentier, 1842), described from Turkey, is compared with Asiotmethis turritus armeniacus Ramme, 1951, known only in Armenia. The species described as Glyphotmethis arasi Salman, 1978 is proposed as junior synonym of Asiotmethis turritus armeniacus, the latter recorded for the first time from Turkey. A neotype is designated for A. limbatus limbatus from the European part of Turkey known as this taxons type locality. Diagnosis, distribution, references to Turkey and doubtful records are given for both taxa, with a key, distributional map, illustrations and measurements. The need for a revision of the complicated genus Asiotmethis is explained, with some notes on problems of specific taxa. A checklist of all known species of the genus, their type localities and distributions is tabulated.

Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey with key to genera a nd descriptions of six new species

The third part of a study series on the family Tettigoniidae from Turkey and the Middle East Region is presented, which includes only the subfamily Tettigoniinae of Turkey. A key to tribes, genera and subgenera found in Turkey is proposed. The synonymy of the tribe Platycleidini Brunner, 1893 (with Decticini Herman, 1874) is confirmed. Pezodrymadusa striolata ziyaretensis Koçak Kemal, 2010 [with Pezodrymadusa affinis (I.Bolívar, 1899)], Anadolua rammei Karabağ, 1952 (with Anadolua burri Karabağ, 1952), Psorodonotus rize Kaya et Çıplak, 2014 (with Psorodonotus davisi Karabağ, 1956), Parapholidoptera intermixta Karabağ, 1961 [with Parapholidoptera indistincta (I.Bolívar, 1899)] are synonymized. Parapholidoptera indistincta (I.Bolívar, 1899) is reinstated as an independent species. Six new species, Pezodrymadusa dentata Ünal, sp. nov., Mixodusa retusa Ünal, sp. nov., Platycleis (Squamiana) supericola Ünal, sp. nov., Platycleis (Squamiana) goeksunica Ünal, sp. nov., Parapholidoptera yarpuzi Ünal, sp. nov. and Eupholidoptera singularis Ünal, sp. nov. are described. The invalidly described Schulmeisteri schulmeisteri Harz is discussed and its only specimen is included in the genus Pezodrymadusa as a new species. The genus Mixodusa Stolyarov and the subspecies, Pholidoptera aptera bulgarica Maran, 1953 are recorded from Turkey for the first time. An overlooked historical record of Psorodonotus venosus brunneri Stshelkanovtzev, 1914 from Turkey is determined. Discussions of many taxa and some records from new localities are presented. A full list of the Turkish Tettigoniinae is given. 357 figures are provided.

Revision of the genus Bradyporus Charpentier, 1825 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae)

The genus Bradyporus Charpentier is taxonomically revised using information obtained from numerous recently collected specimens. Bradyporus is divided into two subgenera Bradyporus Charpentier s.str. and Callimenus Fischer von Waldheim. Five species groups are distinguished in the latter subgenus. Sixteen species and subspecies are listed. Bradyporus (Callimenus) multituberculatus multituberculatus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1833) and Bradyporus (Callimenus) multituberculatus montandoni (Burr, 1898) are designated subspecies for the first time. Previously synonymized Bradyporus (Callimenus) macrogaster skopjensis Karaman, 1961 is reinstated as a valid species. A new species, Bradyporus (Callimenus) gocmeni Ünal, sp. nov. from Eastern Turkey and the previously unknown female of Bradyporus (Callimenus) skopjensis Karaman, 1961 are described. A Neotype for Bradyporus (Callimenus) macrogaster longicollis (Fieber, 1853) is designated. Nomenclatural and taxonomical problems are discussed under the relevant taxa. Phylogenetic relationships based on morphology of the subgenera, species groups, and the species and subspecies of each species group are proposed. Morphological derived and ancestral characters are discussed. A key to the lower taxa of the genus is provided with 207 original figures including 3 distributional maps. A check-list of the lower taxa of the genus is given. Additionally the IUCN Red List statuses of the species and subspecies are included.

Revision of the genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae).

The genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 is revised. It is distributed in scattered areas of the Mediterranean region from Turkey in the East to Spain in the West. Overall, seven species are listed, namely P. maculinervis (Stål, 1878) (Turkey; P. urfensis Ramme, 1933 is here considered its synonym), P. willemsorum n. sp. (Greece, Epirus; previously considered P. appula), P. appula (O.G. Costa, 1836) (South Italy), P. hystrix (Germar, 1817) (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, North-East Italy; P. hystrix sontiaca is here synonymized), P. rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 resurrected status (France, Crau, Rhone delta; here considered a valid species), P. azami Uvarov, 1923 n. status (France, Var region; here considered a valid species), and P. flexuosa (Serville, 1838) (Spain; the ssp. pereezi Bolívar, 1921 and sulphurans Bolívar, 1921 are here considered its synonyms). A key to species is presented.

A new Bradyporus Charpentier, 1825 species from Iran (Orthoptera, Bradyporinae).

The species of Bradyporus Charpentier, 1825 found in Turkey has been revised by the second author (M. Ünal, 2011). Bradyporus comprises thirteen species and subspecies at present. The species of the genus have a range of Central Palaearctic distribution; most of the species are Balkanian-Anatolian-Iranian, whereas some of them are restricted to Ukraine, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus, being inhabitants in the continental mountain steppe belt. It seems that Anatolia, with 8 species, and Balkans, with 6 species, are two diversity centres of this genus. Iran represented by only species, B. latipes (Stal, 1875). But, one more peculiar species is described from north west of Iran herein. The species of this genus are very similar to one another in their external features, however, detailed descriptions and characterizations are given for the authentic separation of the known species in the exhausting revision of the genus by the second author (Ünal, 2011).